Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature change

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903010

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 49-54.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903010

Special Issue: 色叶树木与木本花卉专题

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Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature change

CHU Wuyue¹(), FAN Junjun¹, ZHANG Wangxiang¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037,China
2. Yangzhou Small Apple Gardening Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225200,China

Received:2019-03-04 Revised:2020-02-23 Online:2020-10-30 Published:2020-10-30
Contact: ZHANG Wangxiang E-mail:601170230@qq.com;malus2011@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】We study the phenological characteristics of the early-flowering stage of several varieties of ornamental crabapple, to explore the internal relationship between the flowering stage and temperature, and to reveal the differences and changes in flowering stability at a variety level. 【Method】Four-year phenological data from 67 varieties of ornamental crabapple were analyzed to determine the stability of multiple ornamental crabapple varieties, and the results of standard deviation of phenology (σ) of multiple varieties of ornamental crabapple were studied using temperature data over many years. 【Result】From 2014 to 2016, there was a strong correlation of the date sequence of early flowering with that of 2013. The σ value of late-flowering varieties was higher than that of early-and mid-flowering varieties. There was a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between the σ value of the early florescence and middle florescence; this correlation was also noted between the σ value of the late florescence and days with temperature below 6 ℃ from October 1st to December 1st in the year before florescence, between the σ value of the late florescence and days with a temperature below 4 ℃ (P<0.05) from October 1st to February 1st in the year before florescence, and between October 1st to March 1st in the year before florescence. 【Conclusion】 A low temperature has an important effect on the stability of ornamental crabapple at the early-flowering stage. The varieties in the early-and mid-flowering stage required a lower temperature than that required at the late-flowering stage, and the time limit for breaking dormancy was more strict. In contrast, the stability of the early-flowering sequence among the late-flowering varieties was lower.

Key words: ornamental crabapple, florescence phenological order, flowering phenology, low temperature, standard deviation

CLC Number:

S685.99

CHU Wuyue, FAN Junjun, ZHANG Wangxiang. Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature change[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(5): 49-54.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Ornamental crabapple for experiment"

编号 No.	品种 variety	编号 No.	品种 variety	编号 No.	品种 variety	编号 No.	品种 variety
1	‘粉冠’ M. ‘Pink Spires ’	18	‘龙游路易莎’ M. ‘Louisa Contort’	35	‘红哨兵’ M. ‘Red Sentinel’	52	‘粉红公主’ M. ‘Pink princess’
2	‘阿美’ M. ‘Almey’	19	‘马凯米克’ M. ‘Makamik’	36	‘紫王子’ M. ‘Purple prince’	53	‘时光秀’ M. ‘Show Time’
3	‘春之雪’ M. ‘Spring Snow ’	20	‘豪帕’ M. ‘Hopa’	37	‘超甜时光’ M. ‘Sweet Sugartyme’	54	‘薄荷糖’ M. ‘Candymint’
4	‘红衣主教’ M. ‘Cardinal’	21	‘红玉’ M. ‘Red Jade’	38	‘爱丽’ M. ‘Eleyi’	55	‘亚瑟王’ M. ‘King Arthur’
5	‘春之颂’ M. ‘Spring Glory’	22	‘皇家宝石’ M. ‘Royal Gem’	39	‘白色瀑布’ M. ‘White Cascade’	56	‘高原红’ M. ‘Prairifire’
6	日本海棠 M. floribunda	23	‘洋溢’ M. ‘Radiant’	40	‘鲁道夫’ M. ‘Rudolph’	57	‘希利尔’ M. ‘Hillier’
7	‘印第安之夏’ M. ‘Indian Summer’	24	‘斯普伦格教授’ M. ‘Professor Sprenger’	41	‘罗宾逊’ M. ‘Robinson’	58	‘金雨滴’ M. ‘Golden Raindrop’
8	‘完美紫色’ M. ‘Perfect purple’	25	‘百夫长’ M. ‘Centurion’	42	‘垂枝麦当娜’ M. ‘Weeping Madonna’	59	‘罗格’ M. ‘Roger’s Selection’
9	‘芭蕾舞’ M. ‘Ballet’	26	‘熔岩’ M. ‘Molten Lava’	43	‘珊瑚礁’ M. ‘Coralburst’	60	‘黄油果’ M. ‘Butterball’
10	‘草莓果冻’ M. ‘Strawberry Jelly’	27	‘丰盛’ M. ‘Profusion’	44	‘金黄蜂’ M. ‘Golden Hornet’	61	‘灰姑娘’ M. ‘Cinderella’
11	‘凯尔西’ M. ‘Kelsey’	28	‘莱姆’ M. × ‘Lemoinei’	45	‘绣球’ M. ‘Hydrangea’	62	‘金丰收’ M. ‘Harvest Gold’
12	‘丽莎’ M. ‘Lisa’	29	‘皇家美人’ M. ‘Royal Beauty’	46	‘玛丽波特’ M. ‘Mary potter’	63	‘金色冬季’ M. ‘Winter Gold’
13	‘红丽’ M. ‘Red Splendor’	30	‘美果海棠’ M. × zumi ‘Calocarpa’	47	‘李斯特’ M. ‘Liset’	64	‘春之韵’ M. ‘Spring Sensation’
14	‘盛花’ M. ‘Abundance ’	31	‘唐·怀曼’ M. ‘Donald Wyman’	48	‘兰斯洛特’ M. ‘Larcelot’	65	‘白兰地’ M. ‘Brandywine’
15	‘东哥’ M. ‘Dolgo’	32	‘珠穆朗玛’ M. ‘Everest’	49	‘金色仙踪’ M. ‘Fairtail Gold’	66	‘火鸟’ M. ‘Firebird’
16	‘红巴伦’ M. ‘Red Baron’	33	‘雪堆’ M. ‘Snowdrift ’	50	‘五月欢歌’ M. ‘May’s Delight’	67	‘高原玫瑰’ M. ‘Praire Rose’
17	‘印第安魔术’ M. ‘Indian Magic’	34	‘亚当斯’ M. ‘Adams’	51	‘皇家’ M. ‘Royalty’

Table 1

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 2

Fig.3

Table 3

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花期 florescence	Ⅰ						Ⅱ
花期 florescence	<1 ℃	<2 ℃	<3 ℃	<4 ℃	<5 ℃	<6 ℃	<1 ℃	<2 ℃	<3 ℃	<4 ℃	<5 ℃	<6 ℃	<7 ℃
早花期 early group	-0.326	-0.063	-0.122	-0.122	-0.402	-0.979^*	-0.263	-0.263	0	0.498	0.188	0.137	0.201
中花期 medium group	-0.391	-0.111	-0.135	-0.135	-0.439	-0.961^*	-0.243	-0.243	0.075	0.543	0.233	0.138	0.182
晚花期 late group	-0.141	0.199	0.516	0.516	0.144	-0.093	-0.566	-0.566	0.117	0.017	-0.182	-0.599	-0.705
花期 florescence	Ⅲ						Ⅳ
花期 florescence	<1 ℃	<2 ℃	<3 ℃	<4 ℃	<5 ℃	<6 ℃	<1 ℃	<2 ℃	<3 ℃	<4 ℃	<5 ℃	<6 ℃	<7 ℃
早花期 early group	-0.495	-0.687	0.076	-0.437	-0.147	0.018	-0.843	-0.923	-0.914	-0.206	-0.702	-0.543	-0.226
中花期 medium group	-0.572	-0.728	0.021	-0.479	-0.194	-0.043	-0.872	-0.949	-0.898	-0.265	-0.697	-0.557	-0.26
晚花期 late group	-0.893	-0.892	-0.911	-0.955^*	-0.95	-0.943	-0.758	-0.635	-0.431	-0.989^*	-0.663	-0.821	-0.912

Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature change

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年份 year	2013	2014	2015	2016
2013	1
2014	0.970^**	1
2015	0.802^**	0.777^**	1
2016	0.882^**	0.842^**	0.681^**	1