A review on disaster prevention and reduction function of urban green space in China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903026

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 222-230.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903026

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A review on disaster prevention and reduction function of urban green space in China

FEI Wenjun(), GAO Xiangfei

College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2019-03-08 Revised:2020-03-20 Online:2020-07-22 Published:2020-08-13

Abstract

Abstract:

The special structural and functional characteristics of urban green space have become an important part of the urban disaster prevention and mitigation system. Identifying the disaster prevention functions that urban green spaces can undertake during a disaster, sorting and summarizing the latest developments in the field of urban green space disaster prevention and risk avoidance functions, are of great guiding significance for improving the disaster prevention functions. This paper takes urban green space as the research object to determine disaster time functions and uses qualitative and quantitative methods to objectively analyze the representative theoretical methods and practical experiences of urban green space disaster prevention and risk avoidance functions in China. It then clarifies the research results, remaining deficiencies and future trends, and proposes a research method system for urban green space disaster prevention and risk avoidance functions. According to the analysis, the current theoretical research on urban green space disaster prevention and risk avoidance functions shows that these functions are effectively exerted during disasters, the planning method system is nearing perfection, and the method and technology are maturing. The practical application shows a trend of increasing applicability of system and facility construction. The study, based on the new green space classification standards, starts with the planning and layout of the urban green space system and adjusts the functions that various types of urban green spaces can bear during a disaster in order to build a systematic research method system from the site selection layout, planning and design to construction management. It is also proposed that future research should further clarify the feasibility of transforming the disaster prevention and avoidance functions of various types of urban green space in the event of a disaster, such as its spatial layout, planar form, and infrastructure, and construct a new urban green space system layout model. This can provide the theoretical basis and practical support for research on the improvement of disaster prevention and risk avoidance functions of urban green spaces.

Key words: urban green space, disaster prevention and avoidance, risk avoidance shelter, disaster prevention facility

CLC Number:

TU985

FEI Wenjun, GAO Xiangfei. A review on disaster prevention and reduction function of urban green space in China[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(4): 222-230.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Disaster prevention regulations and documents issued by relevant national and local authorities"

分类 classifycation	具体内容 concrete content		核心思想 core concept
国家层面 national level	法律法规	1997年，国务院正式颁布了《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》，2008年进行修订	明确规定了城市需设置避难场所和其他应急避难的相关要求^[30]
	部门规章	1995年，国务院颁布《破坏性地震应急条例》	对地震发生时的救灾工作进行了相关部署^[31]
		2004年，国务院下发《关于加强防震减灾工作的通知》	指出避难场所应建设完善相应的配套设施，结合城市开敞空间满足城市的防灾避险需求^[32]
		2008年9月16日，住房和城乡建设部下发《关于加强城市绿地系统建设，提高城市防灾避险能力的意见(建城20081171号)》	明确需加快编制城市绿地系统防灾避险规划，以确保城市的抗灾能力^[33]
		2010年，国务院下发了《国务院关于进一步加强防震减灾工作的意见》	对地震监测工作、建筑物抗震能力及应急救援建设等做出部署，完善政策、加强防灾宣传^[34]
		2016年，国家发展改革委、中国地震局编制了《防震减灾规划（2016—2020年）》	明确提出推进防震减灾法制建设及推进防震减灾文化建设^[35]
		2017年1月13日，国务院出台《国家综合防灾减灾规划（2016-2020年）》	用战略思维来指导全国的防灾减灾行动，运行有序的目标进行针对性提质和高效性保障^[36]
		2017年11月28日，住房和城乡建设部发布了新版《城市绿地分类标准》(CJJ/T 85—2017)(以下简称 “新标准”)	新标准建立了广义的绿地概念、具备城乡一体化的意识，并把风景游憩绿地也考虑进去。在宏观层面为构建功能互补、景观多样、空间延续的城乡一体化绿地系统提供依据^[37]
		2018年，住房城乡建设部编制了《城市绿地防灾避险设计导则》	制定了丰富的内容有效指导了城市绿地防灾避险设计，提升城市的防灾减灾能力^[38]
地方层面 local level	四川省	2009年，《四川省城市绿地防灾避险总体规划导则（试行）》	指引整体规划，明确了选址、建设要求、防灾设施配置等细节问题^[39]
	北京市	2005年，《北京中心城地震及其他灾害应急避难场所(室外)规划纲要》	开始规划建设避难疏散场地，将八大城区内适合的公园绿地改造成防灾避险场所^[40]
		2006年，《北京中心城地震应急避难场所（室外）规划纲要》	包含了应急避难场所的建设原则、规范等内容，对北京市中心城区内的应急避难场所进行了整理^[41]
		2017年，北京市颁布了最新的总体规划文本及图集——《北京城市总体规划（2016—2035）》	明确提出了要提高城市应急救灾水平，要做好应急指挥、应急疏散的工作^[42]
	河北省	2011年，发布了《地震应急避难场所标志》（DB13/T 1378—2011）	对地震应急避难场所内各种设施的避难指示图形样式、尺寸及制作要求做了详细规定^[43]

Table 1

Table 2

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类别 type		灾时功能配置 disaster function configuration	G1				G2	G3	XG							EG
类别 type		灾时功能配置 disaster function configuration	G11	G12	G13	G14	G2	G3	RG	AG	BG	MG	WG	SG	UG	EG1	EG2	EG3	EG4
避难（避险）场所 risk avoidance shelter	紧急防灾			○		○		○	○	○	○	○	○		○
	固定防灾		○		○		○	○	○
	中心防灾		○		○		○									○	○	○	○
	绿色疏散通道						○							○
防灾设施 disaster prevention facility	应急篷宿区		○		○		○	○	○			○	○			○	○	○	○
	应急供水		○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○
	应急医疗储备		○		○		○	○	○							○	○	○	○
	应急厕所		○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○
	应急通讯		○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○
	应急垃圾储存		○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○
	集散场地		○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○		○	○	○	○	○
	应急排污		○		○		○	○	○							○	○	○	○
	应急通道		○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○
	应急标识		○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○
	应急供电及照明		○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○
	应急消防设备		○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○	○
	直升机停机坪		○		○		○									○	○	○	○
	防护隔离绿带		○		○		○	○	○					○		○	○	○	○
	指挥管理中心		○		○		○	○								○	○	○	○

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A review on disaster prevention and reduction function of urban green space in China

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