Observation on flowering phenology and variety combination of Carya illinoinensis in low mountains and hills of Hunan Province

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202007051

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 53-62.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202007051

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Observation on flowering phenology and variety combination of Carya illinoinensis in low mountains and hills of Hunan Province

JIANG Yao¹(), WEI Hailin²(), GAO Changhu³, WANG Dagu⁴, FENG Nanke¹, LI Rui¹, LIU Rongrong¹, LYU Fangde¹

1. Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.2. Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China.3. Forestry Bureau of Hecheng District, Huaihua 418000, China.4. Agricultural Bureau of Zhongfang County, Huaihua 418005, China

Received:2020-07-23 Accepted:2020-08-21 Online:2021-01-30 Published:2021-02-01

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to observe the flower development characteristics and flowering phenology of 14 Carya illinoinensis in Hunan Province, and to determine a suitable variety of combinations. 【Method】 Taking 7-year-old C. illinoinensis in Huaihua City, Hunan Province as materials, the flowering time, flower development morphology, pollen dispersal period and receptive period of female and male flowers were observed, and the climatic conditions of the flower development period were recorded and analyzed. 【Result】 Among the 14 varieties of C. illinoinensis, four varieties were protogynous, five varieties were protandrous, and five varieties were monochogamous. Female flowers generally entered the budding period in late April and entered the receptive period in mid-May. The male flowers entered the elongation period in late April and early May and entered the pollinating period in early to mid-May. It was concluded that ‘Mississippi’, ‘YaLin No. 100’, ‘Wichita’, ‘Stuart’ and ‘Caddo’ had a self-pollination ability in this region, and the suitable variety combinations were ‘XiangLin No. 1’ × ‘Forket’; ‘Mississippi’ × Caddo’; ‘Kiowa’ × ‘Tejas’, ‘Kiowa’ × ‘Stuart’ or ‘Kiowa’ × ‘Mahan’; ‘Pyzner’ × ‘Tejas’, ‘Pyzner’ × ‘Mahan’ or ‘Pyzner’ × ‘Stuart’; ‘Pawnee’ × ‘Tejas’ or ‘ Pawnee’ × ‘Mahan’; ‘Pyzner’ × ‘Tejas’ or ‘Pyzner’ × ‘Mahan’. 【Conclusion】 The flowering phenology of different varieties of C. illinoinensis is an important basis for establishing orchards. The results of this experiment provide a reference for the variety combinations of C. illinoinensis in Hunan and the hilly areas of central and southern China.

Key words: Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, flower development characteristics, flowering phenology, variety combination, Hunan Province

CLC Number:

S664.1
S768

JIANG Yao, WEI Hailin, GAO Changhu, WANG Dagu, FENG Nanke, LI Rui, LIU Rongrong, LYU Fangde. Observation on flowering phenology and variety combination of Carya illinoinensis in low mountains and hills of Hunan Province[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(1): 53-62.

Figures/Tables 7

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Table 1

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Table 3

References 30

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品种 variety	开花日期(月-日) flowering date (month-day)								单花开放日期(月-日) single flower flowering date (month-day)
品种 variety	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	S1/d	S2/d	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	S1/d
‘湘林1号’‘XiangLin No.1’	04-08	04-29	05-03	05-07	05-10	05-18	41	8	05-01	05-09	05-12	05-14	05-17	18
‘福克特’‘Forket’	04-16	05-12	05-10	05-15	05-21	05-31	46	12	05-10	05-17	05-22	05-25	05-31	22
‘密西西比’‘Mississipi’	04-10	05-03	05-06	05-09	05-12	05-19	40	7	05-03	05-10	05-13	05-14	05-18	16
‘金奥瓦’‘Kiowa’	04-03	04-25	04-28	05-01	05-03	05-11	39	6	04-24	05-03	05-05	05-07	05-10	17
‘亚林100 ’‘YaLin No.100’	04-16	04-30	05-06	05-09	05-13	05-23	38	8	05-03	05-10	05-14	05-18	05-23	21
‘威奇塔’‘Wichita’	04-10	05-01	05-09	05-12	05-15	05-22	43	7	05-05	05-13	05-16	05-17	05-22	18
‘佩鲁奎’‘Peruque’	04-11	04-24	04-28	04-30	05-03	05-14	34	6	04-24	04-30	05-05	05-06	05-12	17
‘波尼’‘Pawnee’	04-06	04-21	04-25	04-28	05-02	05-14	39	8	04-23	04-29	05-04	05-06	05-11	19
‘亚林13 ’‘YaLin No.13’	04-15	05-01	05-05	05-11	05-13	05-24	40	9	05-03	05-11	05-14	05-17	05-22	20
‘普兹内’‘Pyzner’	03-25	04-22	04-24	04-30	05-02	05-07	41	9	04-22	04-29	05-03	05-04	05-07	16
‘斯图尔特’‘Stuart’	04-18	05-01	05-06	05-11	05-14	05-23	36	9	05-05	05-12	05-16	05-17	05-23	19
‘特贾斯’‘Tejas’	04-08	04-24	05-02	05-04	05-12	05-18	41	11	04-29	05-05	05-10	05-14	05-18	20
‘马汉’‘Mahan’	04-11	04-30	05-05	05-09	05-12	05-20	40	8	05-02	05-11	05-14	05-16	05-18	17
‘卡多’‘Caddo’	04-12	04-29	05-03	05-05	05-08	05-17	36	6	04-30	05-07	05-10	05-12	05-16	17

品种 variety	开花日期(月-日) flowering date (month-day)							单花开花日期(月-日) single flower flowering date (month-day)
品种 variety	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	S1/d	S2/d	B1	B2	B3	B4	B5	S1/d
‘湘林1号’‘XiangLin No.1’	04-24	05-03	05-10	05-21	05-22	29	18	04-27	05-05	05-15	05-20	05-23	27
‘福克特’‘Forket’	04-22	05-03	05-11	05-15	05-23	32	12	04-25	05-04	05-12	05-16	05-21	27
‘密西西比’‘Mississipi’	04-24	05-03	05-07	05-10	05-16	23	8	04-25	05-03	05-11	05-16	05-20	26
‘金奥瓦’‘Kiowa’	04-25	05-03	05-07	05-10	05-14	20	8	04-26	05-03	05-10	05-14	05-19	24
‘亚林100 ’‘YaLin No.100’	04-22	05-03	05-09	05-13	05-16	25	8	04-24	05-02	05-12	05-16	05-19	26
‘威奇塔’‘Wichita’	04-30	05-08	05-12	05-15	05-20	21	8	05-01	05-08	05-15	05-20	05-24	24
‘佩鲁奎’‘Peruque’	04-25	05-03	05-07	05-10	05-15	21	8	04-27	05-03	05-10	05-15	05-20	24
‘波尼’‘Pawnee’	04-23	05-01	05-05	05-08	05-19	27	8	04-28	05-04	05-11	05-19	05-24	27
‘亚林13 ’‘YaLin No.13’	04-27	05-05	05-07	05-10	05-16	20	6	04-29	05-05	05-09	05-15	05-20	22
‘普兹内’‘Pyzner’	04-19	05-02	05-07	05-10	05-17	29	9	04-23	05-01	05-10	05-17	05-20	28
‘斯图尔特’‘Stuart’	04-19	05-03	05-08	05-12	05-17	29	9	04-21	05-01	05-11	05-17	05-21	31
‘特贾斯’‘Tejas’	04-16	04-28	05-02	05-05	05-10	25	8	04-17	04-27	05-05	05-10	05-13	27
‘马汉’‘Mahan’	04-20	04-30	05-02	05-05	05-12	22	6	04-21	04-30	05-05	05-12	05-17	27
‘卡多’‘Caddo’	04-23	05-03	05-08	05-10	05-16	24	8	04-24	05-01	05-10	05-16	05-20	27

品种 variety	授粉品种 pollinated varieties
‘湘林1号’‘XiangLin No.1’	‘湘林1号’+‘福克特’
‘福克特’‘Forket’	‘特贾斯’,‘斯图尔特’,‘湘林1号’+‘福克特’/‘威奇塔’
‘密西西比’‘Mississipi’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘马汉’,‘卡多’+‘密西西比’/‘斯图尔特’/‘亚林100’
‘金奥瓦’‘Kiowa’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘马汉’,‘卡多’+‘密西西比’/‘斯图尔特/’‘亚林100’
‘亚林100 ’‘YaLin No.100’	‘亚林100’,‘湘林1号’+‘斯图尔特’/‘特贾斯’/‘马汉’/‘密西西比’
‘威奇塔’‘Wichita’	‘威奇塔’,‘福克特’,‘亚林13’,‘斯图尔特’,‘马汉’
‘佩鲁奎’‘Peruque’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘卡多’+‘密西西比’/‘金奥瓦’/‘斯图尔特’/‘马汉’
‘波尼’‘Pawnee’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘卡多’
‘亚林13 ’‘YaLin No.13’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘密西西比’,‘亚林100’,‘斯图尔特’
‘普兹内’‘Pyzner’	‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’,‘卡多’+‘密西西比’/‘金奥瓦’/‘斯图尔特’/‘马汉’
‘斯图尔特’‘Stuart’	‘斯图尔特’,‘特贾斯’,‘湘林1号’,‘亚林100’,‘密西西比’,‘马汉’
‘特贾斯’‘Tejas’	‘金奥瓦’/‘佩鲁奎’/‘波尼’/‘普兹内’+ ‘特贾斯’
‘马汉’‘Mahan’	‘金奥瓦’/‘佩鲁奎’/‘波尼’/‘普兹内’+ ‘卡多’
‘卡多’‘Caddo’	‘卡多’,‘湘林1号’,‘特贾斯’

Observation on flowering phenology and variety combination of Carya illinoinensis in low mountains and hills of Hunan Province

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[1]	XIAO Zhouhong, TU Ronghui, LIU Ang, GONG Youke, DING Cong, YU Xunlin. Newly recorded species of Orchidaceae from Hunan Province(Ⅲ) [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(5): 255-258.
[2]	LI Jianhui, LI Bohai, WU Sizheng, BAI Wenfu, YU Lin, NIE Dongling, YAN Jiawen, XIONG Ying, XIANG Zuheng, PENG Xianfeng. Research on the nutphenotypic traits and diversities of walnut in western Hunan [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(1): 171-179.
[3]	BIAN Liming, HUANG Dou, ZHANG Xuefeng, TONG Xinlei, YE Daiquan, SHI Jisen. Analysis on flowering phenology and synchronization indexes of Chinese fir clonal archive [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(6): 207-212.
[4]	CHU Wuyue, FAN Junjun, ZHANG Wangxiang. Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature change [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(5): 49-54.
[5]	JIANG Yifan,LI Mingyang,LIU Yanan,LIU Fei. Impact of climate change on suitable habitats of Pinus massoniana in Hunan Province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(04): 94-100.
[6]	DAI Qianshi, HU Jue, LI Jianjun. Estimation and analysis of variation characteristic of forest carbon density in Hunan Province using continuous forest inventory data [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2017, 41(04): 129-135.
[7]	MAO Xia, LIU Jingjing, LI Xiaochun, QIN Jian, FU Xiangxiang. Flowering biological characteristics and mating system in immature plantations of heterodichogamous Cyclocarya paliurus [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2016, 40(06): 47-55.
[8]	QI Lianghua,ZHANG Xudong. Integrative effect evaluations on vegetation restoration patterns based on soil vegetation system in watershed, northwest Hunan province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2013, 37(02): 71-77.
[9]	ZHANG Cheng, PENG Zhonghua, LIU Hui, CAO Tieru. Study on flora composition and species diversity of Changiostyrax raxdolichocarpa communities in northwestern Hunan province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2012, 36(03): 144-148.
[10]	WANG Xian-rong,YUAN Fa-yin,CHEN Xin,JI Chun-feng,YAN Dao-liang. Quantitative Characteristics of Species in Wild Community of Osmanthus fragrans in Guihuaxia,Liuyang,Hunan [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2004, 28(07): 41-44.