Assessing natural forest fragmentation process dynamics and its drivers in the Pacific northwest region, USA

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202006001

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 174-182.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202006001

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Assessing natural forest fragmentation process dynamics and its drivers in the Pacific northwest region, USA

LI Xin¹(), WENG Weisong²^,^*(), LI Mingshi¹^,³

1. College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Zhejiang Provincial Center for Forest Resources Monitoring, Hangzhou 310020, China
3. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2020-06-01 Revised:2021-01-04 Online:2021-05-30 Published:2021-05-31
Contact: WENG Weisong E-mail:3233405945@qq.com;775113997@qq.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The accurate quantification of forest fragmentation severity and fragmentation processes plays an important role in understanding the dynamics of ecological service functions induced by habitat changes. This analysis quantified the spatial process of forest fragmentation in the Pacific northwest region, USA, and explored the socioeconomic driving forces contributing to the fragmentation process, thereby providing a reference for formulating a reasonable forest management plan in similar regions. It is of great significance to learn from the advanced philosophy of natural forest management as a reference with which to effectively improve the management of natural forests in northeastern China. 【Method】 Based on a triple-date national land cover database (NLCD), including NLCD2008, NLCD2013 and NLCD2016, with a spatial resolution of 30 m, forest landscape patterns were first analyzed using landscape indices, followed by a forest fragmentation process model to characterize four fragmentation processes of the deforested patches to reveal the dynamics of the natural forest fragmentation pattern. Next, the socioeconomic drivers responsible for the observed forest fragmentation dynamics and their management implications were examined. 【Result】 ① From 2008 to 2016, the overall natural forest area showed a slight increasing trend and the forest loss area continued to be lower than the forest recovery area. The mean patch area of forest gradually increased, whereas the number of patches gradually decreased, indicating that forests connectivity gradually improved. ② Forest fragmentation was widespread in the region and gradually decelerated over time; the subdivision and shrinkage components dominated the entire fragmentation processes, and an apparent successive sequence, subdivision-shrinkage-perforation-attrition, was clearly observed in the fragmentation process maps. ③ Forest fragmentation was primarily driven by local socioeconomic factors, particularly the dependency of population growth, residential construction, agricultural expansion and economic booms on forest resources. 【Conclusion】 In the past 10 years, the forest fragmentation level in the Pacific Northwest, which has been greatly affected by human disturbance, has been gradually reduced. Additionally, the forest landscape did not change substantially during the study period. Regional forests not only met the needs for timber industry development but also met the requirements of ecological conservation.

Key words: forest fragmentation, fragmentation processes model, driving force, management of natural forest

CLC Number:

S757

LI Xin, WENG Weisong, LI Mingshi. Assessing natural forest fragmentation process dynamics and its drivers in the Pacific northwest region, USA[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(3): 174-182.

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编码 code	原始土地覆盖类型 original land cover classification themes	重分类 reclassification
11	水体 open water	非森林
12	常年冰雪覆盖地 perennial ice	非森林
21	开放空地 developed, open space	非森林
22	低强度开发区 developed, low intensity	非森林
23	中强度开发区 developed, medium intensity	非森林
24	高强度开发区 developed, high intensity	非森林
31	荒地 barren land	非森林
41	落叶林 deciduous forest	森林
42	常绿林 evergreen forest	森林
43	混交林 mixed forest	森林
52	灌木 shrub	非森林
71	草地 grasslands	非森林
81	干草 hay	非森林
82	农田 cultivated crops	非森林
90	木本湿地 woody wetlands	森林
95	草本湿地 emergent herbaceous wetlands	非森林

年份 year	森林斑块数量 number of forest patches	斑块密度/ (个 ·hm^-2) patch density	平均斑块大小/ hm² mean patch size	聚集度指数/% aggregation index
2008	206 988	2.309	44.437	93.989
2013	201 461	2.217	46.016	94.042
2016	189 750	2.054	49.123	94.092

时间段 time interval	初期森林面积/hm² forest area at the start of the interval	末期森林面积/ hm² forest area at the end of the interval	总增长率/% total growth rate	森林损失面积/hm² area of forest loss	森林恢复面积/hm² area of forest recovery
2008—2013	9 006 835.68	9 069 911.73	0.70	393 393.15	456 469.2
2013—2016	9 069 911.73	9 243 556.74	1.91	274 513.14	448 158.15

森林破碎化过程 forest fragmentation process	斑块面积占比 patch area percentage		斑块数量占比 patch number percentage
森林破碎化过程 forest fragmentation process	2008— 2013	2013— 2016	2008— 2013	2013— 2016
消失attrition	0.83	0.81	7.42	6.02
穿孔 perforation	7.39	8.22	12.03	15.60
收缩 shrinkage	33.21	34.67	65.07	64.67
破碎化 subdivision	58.58	56.30	15.49	13.71

森林破碎化过程 forest fragmentation process	人口密度 population density	住房密度 housing unit density	人口年龄 medium age	农业用地 agricultural land	人均收入 per capita income	受教育程度^△ education level	平均海拔 average elevation	平均坡度 average slope
穿孔 perforation	-0.23	-0.27	0.16	0.47^**	-0.16	-0.25	0.29	0
消失 attrition	-0.13	0	0	0	-0.23	-0.42^*	0	0
收缩 shrinkage	-0.48^**	-0.37^*	0.35	-0.43^*	-0.48^**	-0.50^**	0.33	0.14
破碎化 subdivision	-0.57^**	-0.40^*	0.37	-0.58^**	-0.51^**	-0.67^**	0.30	0

Assessing natural forest fragmentation process dynamics and its drivers in the Pacific northwest region, USA

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