Effects of variable temperatures on seed germination and seedling growth of Phyllostachys edulis

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202002004

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 97-106.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202002004

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Effects of variable temperatures on seed germination and seedling growth of Phyllostachys edulis

WAN Yawen¹^,²(), FU Huajun¹^,², SHI Peijian¹, LIN Shuyan¹^,^*()

1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2020-02-04 Accepted:2020-07-14 Online:2021-07-30 Published:2021-07-30
Contact: LIN Shuyan E-mail:yawwan@126.com;lrx@njfu.com.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The germination characteristics of moso bamboo seeds and the development law of seedlings with the 1-5 leaves were comprehensively studied after being cultivated in varying temperatures. This provided a theoretical and practical basis for the study of bamboo seedlings.【Method】The seeds were collected from Dajing Town, Lingchuan County, Guilin City in Guangxi Province. The seedlings were cultured in a laboratory incubator and seven different temperature treatments (two different temperature combinations within 24 hours) were set: 29 ℃/15 ℃ (T1), 28 ℃/16 ℃ (T2), 27 ℃/17 ℃ (T3), 26 ℃/18 ℃ (T4), 25 ℃/19 ℃ (T5), 24 ℃/20 ℃ (T6), 23 ℃/21 ℃ (T7), and one constant temperature environment 22 ℃/22 ℃ (T8). The temperature change period was 12 / 12 h. Every 12 hours, the germination time of each seed, the leaf development time of 1-5 leaves, and the leaf height under each environment of a different temperature were observed and recorded in detail. The leaf area, fresh and dry weights of the aboveground and underground parts, root morphology, leaf surface micromorphology, stomatal length and stomatal density were also measured.【Result】 ① The germination rate of P. edulis seeds was more than 50% under different temperature conditions. Combined with the germination potential of seeds, it was found that the germination potential of T4-T7 treatments was higher than 30%. In T1-T8 treatments, the mean germination time of the seeds was gradually shor-tened. ② Under different temperature conditions, the leaf development time of seedlings gradually extended from the first leaf to the fifth leaf. The time and quantity of leaf development were relatively concentrated in the T6-T8 treatments; meanwhile, leaf height and area of seedlings in the same culture environment gradually increased from the first leaf to the fifth leaf. Notably, the higher the temperature difference was, so did the leaf height increase. The development rate of leaves after the third leaf tended to be stable and it was observed that the larger the temperature difference, the larger the biomass of seedlings. In general, the root system developed better in T3-T6 treatments. ③ With the decrease in tempe-rature differences, the number of mastoid and epidermal hairs on the abaxial epidermis of P. edulis leaves gradually increased. From the first to the fifth leaf in the same treatments, the number of mastoid and epidermal hairs on the abaxial epidermis also gradually increased. In T1-T8 treatments, the stomata on the abaxial epidermis were arranged in rows. Although there was no significant difference in the appearance of the stomata, the length and density of the stomata ge-nerally increased first and then decreased, and the highest stomatal density was mainly concentrated in T5. 【Conclusion】The variable temperature treatments at 26 ℃/18 ℃ (T4), 25 ℃/19 ℃ (T5), and 24 ℃/20 ℃ (T6) were more conducive to improving the germination rate and germination potential of P. edulis seeds. Furthermore, the overall growth and development of the seedlings, including leaf height, leaf area, growth rate, biomass, root system and stomatal densities, were more suitable under these three different temperatures.

Key words: Phyllostachys edulis, variable temperature, seed germination, seedling growth and development

CLC Number:

S718
S795

WAN Yawen, FU Huajun, SHI Peijian, LIN Shuyan. Effects of variable temperatures on seed germination and seedling growth of Phyllostachys edulis[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(4): 97-106.

Figures/Tables 10

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处理 treatment	温度设置/℃ temperature	发芽率/% germination rate	日萌发数最高时的时间/d the time of maximum germination per day	发芽势/% germination potential	平均萌发时间/d mean germination time	初始萌发时间/d initial germination time	萌发完成时间/d completed germination time
T1	29/15	55.63±1.51 c	26	16.41	35.23±0.75 a	6	74
T2	28/16	59.38±1.39 abc	27	22.85	32.98±0.63 b	9	73
T3	27/17	58.63±2.63 bc	27	25.98	30.94±0.57 c	10	67
T4	26/18	65.25±0.94 a	27	31.25	30.80±0.55 c	10	65
T5	25/19	63.88±1.47 ab	27	32.03	29.11±0.59 d	11	63
T6	24/20	64.38±2.96 ab	25	31.05	27.90±0.50 de	11	61
T7	23/21	58.63±2.82 bc	26	32.62	27.58±0.46 de	13	55
T8	22/22	58.01±1.12 bc	20	13.48	26.90±0.41 e	14	59

处理 treatment	鲜质量/mg fresh weight		干质量/mg dry weight		地上/地下部干质量比 aboveground and root dry weight ratio
处理 treatment	地上部 aboveground	地下部 root	地上部 aboveground	地下部 root	地上/地下部干质量比 aboveground and root dry weight ratio
T1	136.39±3.34 a	29.15±2.00 a	37.40±1.34 a	9.33±1.15 a	6.45±0.48 cd
T2	139.75±4.69 a	27.15±2.04 a	36.79±1.36 a	6.62±0.46 b	6.09±0.21 d
T3	141.71±3.70 a	26.74±2.01 a	36.65±1.12 a	6.16±0.59 bc	7.53±0.41 bc
T4	142.83±3.43 a	24.73±2.15 a	35.71±1.14 ab	5.10±0.52 bcd	9.40±0.61 a
T5	142.92±4.05 a	24.15±1.64 a	36.92±1.24 a	5.20±0.45 bcd	9.13±0.55 a
T6	140.39±2.42 a	24.11±1.52 a	35.65±1.00 ab	4.80±0.36 cd	9.02±0.47 a
T7	139.69±3.10 a	25.04±1.93 a	35.38±1.28 ab	4.30±0.34 d	9.42±0.54 a
T8	133.37±2.48 a	23.46±1.23 a	33.01±0.85 b	4.36±0.25 d	8.66±0.38 ab

处理 treatment	长度/cm length	表面积/cm² surface area	体积/mm³ volume	平均直径/mm average diameter	根尖数 root tip number	分叉数 branch number
T1	13.58±1.22 a	1.50±0.14 bc	17.46±2.21 cd	0.32±0.02 b	36.53±2.40 cd	20.42±3.64 bc
T2	12.24±0.73 a	1.43±0.09 c	16.13±1.20 d	0.33±0.01 b	31.80±1.83 d	17.35±1.84 c
T3	14.47±1.25 a	2.05±0.20 a	29.63±3.34 a	0.42±0.01 a	43.35±2.92 abc	26.26±3.29 bc
T4	14.55±0.84 a	1.96±0.09 ab	27.08±1.25 ab	0.41±0.01 a	46.45±2.68 ab	30.15±2.47 ab
T5	15.02±1.68 a	1.87±0.22 abc	25.32±3.15 abc	0.42±0.01 a	48.05±3.23 a	36.65±5.03 a
T6	12.87±1.24 a	1.59±0.16 abc	23.05±3.29 abcd	0.41±0.02 a	42.30±3.76 abc	25.85±3.45 bc
T7	11.83±1.13 a	1.38±0.15 c	19.69±2.46 bcd	0.39±0.02 a	40.90±3.45 abc	26.45±3.76 bc
T8	12.27±1.15 a	1.55±0.17 bc	22.46±2.96 abcd	0.41±0.02 a	37.65±2.78 bcd	21.70±2.51 bc

处理 treatment	气孔长度/μm stomatal length					气孔密度/(个·mm^-2) stomatal density
处理 treatment	第1片叶 the first leaf	第2片叶 the second leaf	第3片叶 the third leaf	第4片叶 the fourth leaf	第5片叶 the fifth leaf	第1片叶 the first leaf	第2片叶 the second leaf	第3片叶 the third leaf	第4片叶 the fourth leaf	第5片叶 the fifth leaf
T1	21.12±2.56 cd	17.70±2.00 e	17.38±1.99 g	16.84±2.06 e	15.13±1.86 e	29.64±3.03 d	38.55±1.32 abc	40.57±3.45 bc	48.34±1.50 a	63.59±1.00 a
T2	22.61±3.95 b	23.26±3.46 a	25.53±4.96 a	20.32±2.93 bc	23.68±2.87 a	35.97±1.00 bc	34.53±6.91 c	29.35±2.28 e	31.94±1.50 d	38.27±2.49 e
T3	25.28±3.20 a	23.25±3.46 a	23.72±3.30 b	22.94±3.59 a	20.71±2.97 c	34.53±1.73 bc	34.24±1.80 c	36.25±1.73 bcd	35.68±3.27 cd	37.69±3.49 e
T4	21.09±3.29 cd	20.83±2.36 c	22.25±2.72 c	20.27±2.15 bc	21.40±2.46 bc	34.24±1.80 c	33.66±0.86 c	35.10±1.00 d	40.57±3.96 bc	46.61±0.86 c
T5	21.84±2.64 bc	20.15±3.04 c	20.00±2.19 e	20.07±1.74 bc	21.26±1.86 bc	38.27±3.03 b	42.29±2.28 a	46.04±4.08 a	50.64±3.49 a	52.08±0.50 b
T6	21.15±3.02 cd	22.01±1.88 b	21.10±2.88 d	19.58±2.42 c	21.81±2.54 b	42.87±0.50 a	40.28±2.77 ab	41.43±4.49 ab	42.58±1.99 b	44.02±1.50 cd
T7	20.60±3.86 d	19.11±2.16 d	19.68±2.41e f	20.54±2.11 b	18.75±2.21 d	35.39±0.86 bc	36.54±0.50 bc	37.40±1.32 bcd	38.84±2.59 bc	40.86±1.00 de
T8	18.05±2.27 e	18.75±2.17 d	18.86±1.99 f	18.61±2.00 d	18.67±1.71 d	35.68±2.17 bc	34.53±1.73 c	35.68±1.99 cd	39.42±3.49 bc	41.14±6.24 de

Effects of variable temperatures on seed germination and seedling growth of Phyllostachys edulis

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