Chemical compositions of Quercus virginiana seeds and their responses to soil property

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202012017

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 111-118.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202012017

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Chemical compositions of Quercus virginiana seeds and their responses to soil property

LI Qingyang(), WANG Shufeng, WU Shutian, WANG Ruohui, SHI Xiang, MO Runhong, LIU Yihua^*()

Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China

Received:2020-12-10 Accepted:2021-07-12 Online:2021-11-30 Published:2021-12-02
Contact: LIU Yihua E-mail:1183956498@qq.com;liuyh@caf.ac.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Quercus virginiana, the chemical compositions of Q. virginiana seeds collected from different regions of China were investigated and the responses of these compositions to various soil site conditions were also studied. 【Method】 The chemical compositions of seeds from Q. virginiana were analyzed by spectrophotometry, GC-FID, ICP-MS, and so on. The differences in chemical compositions among the different regions were compared based on the variance analysis. In addition, the effects of site conditions on the chemical compositions were also revealed by the correlation analysis. 【Result】 The results showed that the starch content of Q. virginiana seeds ranged from 56.59% to 68.59% and that the proportion of amylopectin (61.74%) was significantly higher than that of amylose (38.26%). The average tannin was 30.14 mg/mL. The oil content of Q. virginiana seeds was as high as 11.36%. In addition, 10 fatty acids were found in the oil, among which oleic acid was dominant (more than 50%). The average vitamin E amount was 358.44 mg/kg, and γ-V_E was the main configuration (more than 97%). The total contents of 15 amino acids ranged from 4 250.00 to 4 723.17 mg per 100 g. Moreover, the seeds contained abundant microelements including K, Ca and P, the content of K was 6 460.20 mg/kg, while microelements such as Cu, Fe and Na, among them, the content of Na is the hightest, which was 40.87 mg/kg. The coefficients of variation of the chemical compositions among different regions, in which tannin and the oil content showed a relatively notable response to the site conditions, with complex correlation coefficients of 0.937 and 0.941, respectively. Soil factors mainly show that soil salinity has the most extensive influence and is significantly correlated with tannin, oil content, saturated fatty acid, and other components in Q. virginiana seeds. 【Conclusion】 The oil content of Q. virginiana seeds was higher than that of other seeds found in the literature. On the other hand, these seeds were rich in starch, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, and mineral elements, which allow for the broad exploitation and utilization prospects of Q. virginiana seeds. Some chemical compositions in the seeds, especially tannins, had significant responses to site conditions. The response effects were mainly due to the salinity of the soil. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of planting area, multi-functional utilization, and precise processing of Q. virginiana seeds.

Key words: Quercus virginiana, seed, chemical composition, soil property

CLC Number:

S722

LI Qingyang, WANG Shufeng, WU Shutian, WANG Ruohui, SHI Xiang, MO Runhong, LIU Yihua. Chemical compositions of Quercus virginiana seeds and their responses to soil property[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(6): 111-118.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

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Table 3

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指标index	SY	WJ	WL
盐度/% salinity	0.337±0.098 a	0.012±0.002 b	0.014±0.001 b
pH	7.422±0.223 a	5.274±0.651 b	8.014±0.195 a
c(OM)/(g·kg^-1)	23.183±1.948 b	28.034±3.222 a	20.542±4.168 b
c(Al)/(mg·kg^-1)	42 626.78±5 574.26 a	40 217.71±6 491.92 a	46 185.97±2 757.26 a
c(K)/(mg·kg^-1)	18 433.32±1 924.28 b	16 975.46±575.94 b	29 717.68±581.29 a
c(Fe)/(mg·kg^-1)	33 012.99±2 067.33 b	31 944.93±1 201.92 b	49 158.69±1 297.49 a
c(Na)/(mg·kg^-1)	15 769.16±1 795.44 b	17 853.79±1 201.10 a	12 246.02±65.18 c
c(Mg)/(mg·kg^-1)	10 633.55±5 473.40 b	8 371.17±308.53 b	27 458.59±1 266.41 a
c(Ca)/(mg·kg^-1)	13 044.60±2 549.75 b	11 810.02±1 585.09 b	52 293.46±7 809.92 a
c(Ti)/(mg·kg^-1)	4 178.73±150.61 b	4 014.79±167.50 b	4 835.76±167.59 a
c(P)/(mg·kg^-1)	799.31±127.15 a	764.32±96.71 a	900.24±70.35 a
c(Mn)/(mg·kg^-1)	349.61±52.22 b	318.61±29.93 b	1191.26±49.36 a
c(B)/(mg·kg^-1)	279.05±73.87 a	120.08±28.96 b	213.82±108.44 ab
c(Ba)/(mg·kg^-1)	419.26±19.43 b	423.92±14.75 b	460.63±19.74 a
c(Ni)/(mg·kg^-1)	26.39±0.36 b	24.66±1.00 c	45.08±0.71 a
c(Cu)/(mg·kg^-1)	19.70±1.92 b	15.33±1.60 c	32.10±1.05 a

成分 component	不饱和脂肪酸组成/% UFA			成分 component	饱和脂肪酸组成/% SFA			成分 component	V_E含量/(mg·kg^-1) V_E content
成分 component	SY	WJ	WL	成分 component	SY	WJ	WL	成分 component	SY	WJ	WL
UFA	70.81±1.14 c	77.79±0.94 b	79.37±0.66 a	SFA	29.01±1.13 a	21.81±0.92 b	20.40±0.59 b	V_E	293.64±47.89 b	426.96±49.83 a	354.73±34.28 b
C16:1	0.18±0.02 b	0.33±0.08 a	0.23±0.04 b	C14:0	0.31±0.05 a	0.11±0.01 b	0.10±0.01 b	α-V_E	5.94±1.10 b	8.28±1.02 a	4.91±0.38 b
C18:1	42.68±5.24 c	54.48±2.31 b	58.77±0.29 a	C16:0	25.51±0.86 a	19.89±0.95 b	18.44±0.63 c	β-V_E	0.35±0.12 ab	0.37±0.07 a	0.22±0.05 b
C18:2	23.31±3.59 a	20.97±2.03 ab	18.29±0.83 b	C18:0	1.96±0.35 a	1.43±0.11 b	1.51±0.17 b	γ-V_E	284.49±46.93 b	415.94±49.93 a	345.29±33.81 ab
C18:3	3.44±0.93 a	1.34±0.38 b	1.51±0.01 b	C20:0	1.23±0.26 a	0.39±0.03 b	0.36±0.02 b	δ-V_E	2.86±0.47 b	2.37±0.45 b	4.32±0.37 a
C20:1	0.75±0.05 a	0.41±0.08 b	0.39±0.03 b
C22:2	0.46±0.06 a	0.26±0.06 b	0.17±0.00 c

因子 factor	复相关系数和相关性multi-correlation coefficient and correlation
因子 factor	淀粉 starch	单宁 tannin	含油率 oil content	SFA	UFA	V_E	TAA	EAA	K	P	Ca	Mg	Mn	Ba	Al	Ti	B	Fe	Cr	Cu	Na	Ni
土壤因子 soil factors	0.698^**	0.937^**	0.941^**	0.863^**	0.880^**	0.646^**			0.753^**	0.723^**	0.689^**	0.778^**	0.584^*	0.828^**	0.708^**	0.616^*	0.651^*	0.766^**	0.536^*		0.741^**	0.892^**
Al	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	--	-	-	--	-	-	-	-	+	-
B	+	+++	++	++	--	--	--	-	-	---	++	+	-	-	+	+	++	-	-	--	+++	--
Ba	+	-	--	-	+	+	+	+	++	+	--	-	-	-	--	--	-	-	-	+	-	-
Ca	++	+	--	--	++	+	-	-	+++	+	-	-	---	---	--	--	-	-	+	+	-	-
Cr	++	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+++	+	-	+	---	--	--	--	-	-	+	-	-	-
Cu	+++	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+++	+	+	+	---	--	--	--	-	--	+	-	-	--
Fe	++	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+++	+	-	-	---	--	--	--	-	-	+	-	-	-
K	++	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	++	+	-	-	---	--	-	--	-	--	+	-	-	-
Mg	++	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	++	+	-	-	---	--	-	-	-	--	+	-	-	-
Mn	++	+	--	--	++	+	-	-	+++	+	-	-	---	---	--	--	-	-	+	+	-	-
Na	--	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	--	-	-	-	++	++	++	+	-	+	-	+	+	++
Ni	++	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+++	+	-	-	---	--	--	--	-	-	+	-	-	-
P	+	+	-	-	+	+	--	--	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-
Ti	++	+	-	-	+	-	+	+	++	+	-	+	---	--	--	-	-	-	+	-	-	--
盐度 salinity	+	+++	+++	+++	---	--	-	+	-	-	+++	+++	+	+	-	+	+++	-	-	--	+++	--
pH	++	+++	+	+	-	--	-	+	+	-	+	++	---	--	--	-	++	-	-	--	+	---
OM	--	--	-	-	+	+	-	--	--	+	-	-	+++	+++	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	++

Chemical compositions of Quercus virginiana seeds and their responses to soil property

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[1]	WANG Fei, XIE Kan, YANG Yajin, LIU Lili, CHEN Fenfen, LI Enliang, GUO Aiwei. Analysis of chemical components in Dendrocalamus brandisii leaves based on extensive widely targeted metabolomics [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(2): 241-246.
[2]	GUO Congcong, SHEN Yongbao, SHI Fenghou. Effects of temperature on stored substance metabolism and enzyme activity during germination of Pinus bungeana seeds [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(6): 25-34.
[3]	WANG Zhangrong, JI Kongshu, XU Li’an, ZOU Bingzhang, LIN Nengqing, LIN Jingquan. New management model of construction techniques, realistic genetic gain and low cost multi-generation improvement in seedling seed orchard of Pinus massoniana [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(6): 9-16.
[4]	ZHOU Qun. Breeding of a new cultivar of Bougainvillea ‘Zhongmin 2’ [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(5): 268-270.
[5]	YANG Suzhi, DUAN Lei, ZHANG Li, FENG Zhaohui, LU Xin, HAN Lihua, BAI Yuru, WU Zhiyan. New Xanthoceras sorbifolium cultivars ‘Mengguan No.1’ and ‘Mengguan No.2’ [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(4): 262-264.
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[11]	KONG Xin, WANG Aiying, HAO Guangyou, NING Qiurui, WANG Miao, YIN Xiaohan, ZHOU Yongjiao. Coordinated responses of hydraulic architecture and photosynthetic characteristics in Fraxinus mandschurica seedlings to change of light intensity irradiance [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(1): 83-91.
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