Distribution changes and in situ conservation of red-crowned cranes(Grus japonensis) in China since 1976

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202012013

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 200-208.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202012013

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Distribution changes and in situ conservation of red-crowned cranes(Grus japonensis) in China since 1976

LIN Yuanfeng¹(), LU Changhu¹^,^*(), XU Peng¹, CUI Peng², ZHANG Wenwen²

1. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China

Received:2020-12-07 Accepted:2021-07-30 Online:2021-11-30 Published:2021-12-02
Contact: LU Changhu E-mail:1769751961@qq.com;luchanghu@njfu.com.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The distribution range of the red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) across China over the past 40 years has been collected to explore the current situation of the in situ conservation of red-crowned cranes in China and to analyze possible reasons for the change in the red-crowned crane distribution over a long time. This research provides a relevant theoretical basis for the conservation of red-crowned cranes as well as research on red-crowned cranes in the future.【Method】 The distribution of red-crowned cranes in China was first recorded in the “Checklist on the distribution of the birds of China” in 1976. Based on this report, a combination of methods, including a literature search (published and unpublished documents) and department consultations, was used to systematically collect the distribution data of red-crowned cranes in China and classify that data chronologically. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the reproduction and wintering range of red-crowned cranes were analyzed, and the in situ conservation efficacy of red-crowned crane nature reserves in different time periods was compared.【Result】 The research reveals a gradual distribution expansion of red-crowned cranes since 1976 that is currently found in new areas in many provinces and regions of China. By 2019, the distribution of red-crowned cranes was recorded in 119 nature reserves across 16 provinces and regions in China. This caused a change in the boundaries of their reproduction and wintering range. The red-crowned cranes are widely distributed in eastern China but are now centralized in nature reserves where breeding sites for red-crowned cranes are located. The red-crowned cranes used to winter in many places in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China but now winter in three main areas: the Yancheng Wetland Rare Birds National Nature Reserve, the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, and the Liaohekou National Nature Reserve. Currently, a total of 57 red-crowned crane nature reserves have been established across China, of which 52.6%, 31.6% and 15.6% are national-level, provincial-level, and city-level (including county-level), respectively.【Conclusion】 The distribution area of the red-crowned crane population in China has changed greatly over the past 40 years since it was first recorded in 1976. It is speculated that human disturbances and changes in the natural climate are the main reasons for the distribution change of red-crowned cranes; at the same time, the management of nature reserves and some additional incidents may also have affected the distribution of red-crowned cranes.

Key words: red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis), natural reserve, spatio-temporal distribution, in situ conservation

CLC Number:

LIN Yuanfeng, LU Changhu, XU Peng, CUI Peng, ZHANG Wenwen. Distribution changes and in situ conservation of red-crowned cranes(Grus japonensis) in China since 1976[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(6): 200-208.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Geographical distribution records of red-crowned cranes in China over the years"

年代 year	地点名称 name of the place	资料来源 source of information	年代 year	地点名称 name of the place	资料来源 source of information
1980	辽宁鸭绿江湿地	鸭绿江口湿地规划报告^①	2000	天津古海岸与湿地	古海岸与湿地保护区科考报告^①
1981	云南纳帕海	王紫江等^[12]	2000	黑龙江安邦河保护区	安邦河保护区科考报告^①
1983	江苏如东县	施泽荣等^[13]	2000	黑龙江乌苏里江	拟建乌苏里江保护区报告^①
1984	山东长山列岛	纪加义等^[14]	2000	黑龙江八岔岛保护区	八岔岛保护区科考报告^①
1984	山东日照沿海	纪加义等^[14]	2000	黑龙江大沾河湿地	大沾河保护区科考报告^①
1984	山东黄河三角洲	纪加义等^[14]	2000	内蒙古荷叶花水禽湿地	内蒙古自然保护区名录^①
1984	上海崇明县	施泽荣等^[13]	2000	内蒙古胡列也吐湿地	内蒙古自然保护区名录^①
1984	黑龙江嘟噜河下游	马逸清等^[15]	2000	黑龙江乌伊岭保护区	乌伊岭保护区科考报告^①
1984	黑龙江洪河保护区和黑龙江下游	马逸清等^[15]	2001	黑龙江库尔滨河保护区	库尔滨河保护区科考报告^①
1984	黑龙江七星河流域	马逸清等^[15]	2001	天津北大港湿地	北大港湿地科考报告^①
1984	黑龙江阿布沁河下游和兴凯湖低地	马逸清等^[15]	2001	黑龙江翠北湿地	翠北湿地科考报告^①
1984	山东东南部	纪加义等^[14]	2001	黑龙江珍宝岛湿地	珍宝岛湿地科考报告^①
1984	内蒙古达里诺尔	段文瑞等^[16]	2001	河南黄河湿地	河南黄河湿地保护区科考报告^①
20世纪80 年代初期	吉林洮尔河与霍林河下游	具诚等^[17]	2001	山东蓬莱艾山	蓬莱艾山科考报告^①
1985	吉林松花江三湖	松花江三湖科考报告^①	2001	黑龙江多布库尔保护区	多布库尔保护区科考报告^①
1985	江苏高邮湖	晏安厚^[18]	2001	内蒙古双合尔山湿地	内蒙古自然保护区名录^①
1985	江苏灌南县	施泽荣等^[13]	2002	内蒙古青山保护区	青山保护区科考报告^①
1985	江苏灌云县	施泽荣等^[13]	2002	河北红松洼保护区	红松洼保护区科考报告^①
1985	安徽石臼湖	石臼湖科考报告^①	2002	河北衡水湖保护区	衡水湖保护区科考报告^①
1985	吉林包拉温都	包拉温都科考报告^①	2002	内蒙古额尔古纳湿地	额尔古纳湿地科考报告^①
1985	河南黄河故道	马逸清等^[15]	2002	吉林查干湖	查干湖科考报告^①
1985	内蒙古霸王河	内蒙古自然保护区名录^①	2002	河北白洋淀湿地	白洋淀湿地科考报告^①
20世纪80 年代初期	江苏邵伯湖	晏安厚^[18]	2003	山西运城湿地	运城湿地科考报告^①
20世纪80 年代初期	安徽城东湖	陆健健^[19]	2003	吉林珲春东北虎保护区	珲春东北虎保护区科考报告^①
20世纪80 年代初期	安徽菜子湖	陆健健^[19]	2004	江苏新沂骆马湖湿地	骆马湖科考报告^①
20世纪80 年代初期	内蒙古乌拉盖湿地	陆健健^[19]	2004	黑龙江红星湿地	红星湿地保护区科考报告^①

Table 1

年代 year	地点名称 name of the place	资料来源 source of information	年代 year	地点名称 name of the place	资料来源 source of information
20世纪80 年代初期	黑龙江平阳河湿地	平阳河湿地科考报告^①	2004	内蒙古额尔古纳	额尔古纳科考报告^①
20世纪80 年代初期	黑龙江三环泡	三环泡科考报告^①	2004	吉林波罗湖	波罗湖科考报告^①
20世纪80 年代初期	黑龙江乌马河紫貂保护区	乌马河紫貂保护区科考报告^①	2004	黑龙江凤凰山	凤凰山科考报告^①
20世纪80 年代中期	吉林雁鸣湖	雁鸣湖科考报告^①	2004	内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原	锡林郭勒盟草原科考报告^①
1986	黑龙江连环湖水禽湿地	黑龙江省自然保护区名录^①	2005	河北南大港湿地	南大港湿地科考报告^①
1986	内蒙古辉河流域	马逸清等^[15]	2005	辽宁辽阳金宝湾保护区	金宝湾保护区科考报告^①
1988	吉林图们江流域	杨兴家等^[20]	2005	内蒙古阿鲁保护区	阿鲁保护区科考报告^①
1988	内蒙古科尔沁保护区	科尔沁保护区鸟类资源汇编^①	2005	辽宁凌河口湿地	凌河口湿地科考报告^①
1988	江苏洪泽湖湿地	刘伶等^[10]	2005	山东昆嵛山保护区	昆嵛山保护区科考报告^①
1989	内蒙古呼伦湖	呼伦湖科考报告^①	2005	黑龙江东方红保护区	东方红保护区科考报告^①
1989	黑龙江傲宝山湿地	黑龙江省自然保护区名录^①	2005	河南濮阳黄河湿地	濮阳黄河湿地科考报告^①
1989	江苏启东长江口北支	启东长江口调查综合报告^①	2005	陕西石门山	石门山科考报告^①
20世纪80 年代末期	黑龙江友谊保护区	友谊保护区科考报告^①	2006	河南新乡黄河湿地	新乡黄河湿地科考报告^①
1991	湖北梁子湖湿地	梁子湖湿地科考报告^①	2006	黑龙江小北湖保护区	小北湖保护区科考报告^①
1991	内蒙古兴安盟科右中旗	段文瑞等^[21]	2006	黑龙江南大肚子沟	黑龙江省自然保护区名录^①
1992	黑龙江茂山野生动物林场	黑龙江省自然保护区名录^①	2006	黑龙江新青白头鹤保护区	新青白头鹤保护区科考报告^①
1993	内蒙古新巴尔虎黄羊保护区	黄羊保护区规划报告^①	2007	黑龙江绰纳河保护区	绰纳河保护区科考报告^①
1995	陕西黄河湿地	吴家炎等^[22]	2008	黑龙江北安保护区	北安保护区科考报告^①
1996	黑龙江虎口湿地	虎口湿地科考报告^①	2008	黑龙江友好保护区	友好保护区科考报告^①
1996	黑龙江凉水保护区	凉水保护区科考报告^①	2008	江苏云台山保护区	云台山保护区动植物名录^①
1996	江苏大丰麋鹿保护区	大丰麋鹿保护区科考报告^①	2008	江苏宿迁骆马湖湿地	宿迁骆马湖湿地调查报告^①
1997	辽宁北票鸟化石保护区	北票鸟化石保护区科考报告^①	2008	江苏泉山保护区	泉山保护区动物名录^①
1997	黑龙江中华秋沙鸭保护区	中华秋沙鸭保护区科考报告^①	2008	黑龙江大佳河	三江平原夏季丹顶鹤数量统计^①
1998	内蒙古小河沿湿地	内蒙古自然保护区名录^①	2008	内蒙古古日格斯台保护区	古日格斯台保护区科考报告^①
1998	江苏涟漪湖黄嘴白鹭保护区	涟漪湖黄嘴白鹭保护区科考报告^①	2008	黑龙江东升保护区	东升保护区科考报告^①
1998	辽宁蛇岛老铁山	蛇岛老铁山科考报告^①	2009	黑龙江太平沟保护区	太平沟保护区科考报告^①
1998	内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁保护区	阿鲁科尔沁保护区科考报告^①	2009	黑龙江拉林河口湿地	拉林河口湿地科考报告^①
1998	内蒙古图牧吉保护区	图牧吉保护区科考报告^①	2009	山东黄水河河口保护区	黄水河河口保护区科考报告^①
1998	黑龙江勤得利鲟鳇鱼保护区	勤得利鲟鳇鱼保护区科考报告^①	2009	山东莱州湾保护区	莱州湾保护区科考报告^①
1998	河南庞寨	郑光美^[1]	2011	山东前三岛保护区	前三岛保护区汇编资料^①
1998	黑龙江大庆小黑山保护区	黑龙江省自然保护区名录^①	2011	黑龙江茅兰沟保护区	茅兰沟保护区科考报告^①
1999	黑龙江哈拉海	李晓民^[23]	2013	山东大泽山保护区	大泽山保护区科考报告^①
1999	黑龙江南瓮河	南瓮河科考报告^①	2014	吉林双辽白鹤保护区	金容材^②
2000	黑龙江山口保护区	山口保护区科考报告^①	2014	黑龙江龙凤湿地	郭玉民^③

Fig.1

Fig.2

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Distribution changes and in situ conservation of red-crowned cranes(Grus japonensis) in China since 1976

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