Seasonal variations of the nutrients and phenols from olive leaves in main cultivation varieties at Liangshan, Sichuan Province

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105020

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 169-176.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105020

Previous Articles Next Articles

Seasonal variations of the nutrients and phenols from olive leaves in main cultivation varieties at Liangshan, Sichuan Province

WANG Bixia¹(), DU Xiaoqi¹, DENG Yan¹, CAI Xiaomei¹, SU Guangcan²

1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
2. Liangshan Zhongze New Technology Development Co., Ltd, Xichang 615000, China

Received:2021-05-11 Revised:2021-08-25 Online:2022-07-30 Published:2022-08-01

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Olive (Olea europaea) leaves are an agricultural and forestry waste in the olive farming industry. This study aimed to determine their main nutrients and phenolic components, and analyze the content changes between the old and young leaves among olive varieties from January to December. The results can lay a foundation and provide technical support for the high-value application of olive leaves in medicines, health products, and functional foods, etc. 【Method】 Among the six main olive cultivars harvested in Liangshan, Sichuan Province, China, differences in the concentration of free amino acids (FAAC), soluble sugars (SSC), and soluble proteins (SPC) between the old and young leaves were investigated, and level changes in seven main phenolic compounds (oleuropein, rutin, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, quercetin and apigenin) from January to December were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 【Result】 The nutrients and phenols of the old and young leaves among the six olive cultivars were unevenly distributed during the year. The phenolic compounds fluctuated greatly in summer and autumn. FAAC, SSC and SPC exhibited relatively high levels approximately at 2-3 and 5-6 months. Compared with the other varieties, the leaves of ‘Ezhi’ and ‘Kalinjot’ cultivars had of nutrients and phenolic components, with the young leaves possessing higher concentration than the old leaves. 【Conclusion】 The most suitable season to obtain nutrients and phenols from the olive leaves was spring, especially in March, and the best choice was the young leaves of ‘Ezhi’ and ‘Kalinjot’, which could be exploited and utilized reasonably as a potential source.

Key words: olive leaves, phenolic compounds, nutrients, seasonal variation, Liangshan,Sichuan Province

CLC Number:

S789
S718

WANG Bixia, DU Xiaoqi, DENG Yan, CAI Xiaomei, SU Guangcan. Seasonal variations of the nutrients and phenols from olive leaves in main cultivation varieties at Liangshan, Sichuan Province[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(4): 169-176.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Table 2

月份 month	叶龄 leaf age	橄榄苦苷 oleuropein	芦丁 rutin	木犀草素-4'- O-葡萄糖苷 luteolin-4'-O- glucoside	芹菜素-7-O- 葡萄糖苷 apigenin-7-O- glucoside	木犀草素 luteolin	槲皮素 quercetin
1	老叶OL	43.41±4.49 i	3.65±0.40 a	28.77±3.12 efgh	1.18±0.12 e	0.016±0.001 0 cd	0.050±0.004 7 de
	嫩叶YL	50.64±0.74 hi	3.82±0.23 a	37.73±2.29 cd	1.85±0.05 cd	0.020±0.001 9 cd	0.059±0.002 6 cd
2	老叶OL	24.35±0.75 kl	1.08±0.05 ef	28.45±1.17 efgh	1.19±0.04 e	0.003±0.000 3 d	0.056±0.003 0 cd
	嫩叶YL	66.36±3.74 ef	0.33±0.02 hijk	42.43±1.93 bc	2.48±0.10 b	0.004±0.000 6 d	0.044±0.007 4 defg
3	老叶OL	43.25±0.04 i	0.31±0.01 hijk	27.44±7.06 fgh	2.30±0.05 b	0.004±0.000 3 d	0.025±0.000 9 efgh
	嫩叶YL	116.87±6.60 a	0.23±0.05 ijk	31.63±1.62 defg	1.77±0.14 cd	0.008±0.000 3 d	0.191±0.015 1 a
4	老叶OL	59.52±3.27 fg	0.01±0.01 k	1.41±0.27 l	0.41±0.04 h	0.028±0.003 5 c	nd
	嫩叶YL	19.59±0.04 l	0.05±0.01 jk	1.86±0.18 l	0.57±0.06 gh	0.019±0.001 7 cd	nd
5	老叶OL	87.16±1.37 c	0.45±0.01 hi	33.58±0.38 def	2.36±0.0 4b	0.013±0.001 0 cd	nd
	嫩叶YL	43.23±0.79 i	0.36±0.04 hijk	27.93±3.02 efgh	1.82±0.19 cd	0.071±0.019 9 b	nd
6	老叶OL	33.98±0.05 j	1.50±0.01 cd	44.58±0.43 abc	3.06±0.04 a	0.012±0.000 5 cd	0.025±0.000 5 efgh
	嫩叶YL	98.67±5.39 b	0.83±0.035 fg	47.76±0.13 ab	2.44±0.04 b	0.010±0.000 3 cd	0.134±0.016 6 b
7	老叶OL	20.77±0.13 l	0.49±0.01 ghi	35.20±0.77 de	1.89±0.05 c	0.005±0.000 6 d	0.123±0.015 0 b
	嫩叶YL	58.02±0.33 g	0.43±0.06 hij	22.26±3.32 hij	1.54±0.22 d	0.007±0.000 5 d	0.004±0.000 7 h
8	老叶OL	23.94±0.11 kl	0.61±0.02 ghi	30.71±0.62 defg	2.18±0.0 4b	0.010±0.001 0 cd	0.029±0.002 5 e fgh
	嫩叶YL	55.85±0.41 gh	0.44±0.01 hi	33.29±0.29 def	1.78±0.03 cd	nd	0.114±0.001 5 b
9	老叶OL	6.15±0.08 m	0.64±0.03 gh	12.28±0.42 k	0.77±0.03 fg	0.004±0.000 1 d	nd
	嫩叶YL	5.82±0.01 m	0.66±0.03 gh	17.49±0.72 jk	1.10±0.04 e	0.008±0.000 7 cd	nd
10	老叶OL	58.55±0.12 g	1.21±0.11 de	11.77±1.29 k	0.73±0.07 fg	0.003±0.000 3 d	0.019±0.002 2 gh
	嫩叶YL	76.43±3.29 d	1.36±0.26 de	19.87±4.69 ij	0.97±0.22 ef	0.002±0.000 1 d	0.049±0.007 0 def
11	老叶OL	29.27±0.25 jk	1.75±0.04 c	18.52±0.50 ijk	2.38±0.05 b	0.020±0.001 0 cd	0.022±0.000 5 fgh
	嫩叶YL	72.26±0.25 de	2.45±0.06 b	51.19±1.12 a	3.19±0.06 a	0.005±0.000 3 d	nd
12	老叶OL	4.44±0.21 m	1.29±0.08 de	25.59±1.43 ghi	1.60±0.08 cd	0.118±0.008 0 a	0.033±0.002 5 defg
	嫩叶YL	6.24±0.13 m	0.84±0.04 fg	21.98±1.26 hij	1.25±0.01 e	nd	0.082±0.002 5 c

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

References 24

[1]	MEDINA E, ROMERO C, GARCÍA P, et al. Characterization of bioactive compounds in commercial olive leaf extracts,and olive leaves and their infusions[J]. Food Funct, 2019, 10(8):4716-4724.DOI:10.1039/C9FO00698B.
[2]	WU Z Q, YUE G Z, ZHU Q P, et al. Purification,dynamic changes and antioxidant activities of oleuropein in olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves[J]. J Food Biochem, 2015, 39(5):566-574.DOI:10.1111/jfbc.12152.
[3]	SU C J, SUN J F, ZHU W Z, et al. History,distribution,and potential of the olive industry in China:a review[J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(5):1426.DOI:10.3390/su10051426.
[4]	CHENG ZZ, ZHAN M M, YANG Z S, et al. The major qualitative characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivated in southwest China[J]. Front Plant Sci, 2017, 8:559.DOI:10.3389/fpls.2017.00559.
[5]	ÖZCAN M M, MATTHÄUS B. A review: benefit and bioactive properties of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves[J]. Eur Food Res Technol, 2017, 243(1):89-99.DOI:10.1007/s00217-016-2726-9.
[6]	刘红梅, 方成鑫, 郭力, 等. 不同采收季节对油橄榄茶品质的影响[J]. 保鲜与加工, 2019, 19(1):127-132.
	LIU H M, FANG C X, GUO L, et al. Effect of different harvest seasons on quality of olive tea[J]. Storage Process, 2019, 19(1):127-132.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6221.2019.01.022.
[7]	ACAR-TEK N, AGA ĞÜNDÜZ D. Olive leaf (Olea europaea L. Folium):potential effects on glycemia and lipidemia[J]. Ann Nutr Metab, 2020, 76(1):10-15.DOI:10.1159/000505508.
[8]	GHASEMI S, KOOHI D E, EMMAMZADEHHASHEMI M S B, et al. Investigation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of leaves extracts from seventeen cultivars of Iranian olive (Olea europaea L.)[J]. J Food Sci Technol, 2018, 55(11):4600-4607.DOI:10.1007/s13197-018-3398-1.
[9]	DEMIR S, CETINKAYA H. Effects of saline conditions on polyphenol and protein content and photosynthetic response of different olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars[J]. Appl Ecol Env Res, 2020, 18(2):2599-2610.DOI:10.15666/aeer/1802_25992610.
[10]	PASKOVIĆ I, LUKIĆ I, ŽURGA P, et al. Temporal variation of phenolic and mineral composition in olive leaves is cultivar dependent[J]. Plants (Basel), 2021, 9(9):1099.DOI:10.3390/plants9091099.
[11]	DIAB M A, IBRAHIM A K, HADAD G M, et al. Seasonal variations in antioxidant components of Olea europaea in leaves of different cultivars,seasons,and oil products in Sinai[J]. Food Anal Methods, 2021, 14(4):773-783.DOI:10.1007/s12161-020-01919-9.
[12]	WANG B X, QU J P, FENG S L, et al. Seasonal variations in the chemical composition of Liangshan olive leaves and their antioxidant and anticancer activities[J]. Foods, 2019, 8(12):657.DOI:10.3390/foods8120657.
[13]	RANALLI A, CONTENTO S, LUCERA L, et al. Factors affecting the contents of iridoid oleuropein in olive leaves (Olea europaea L.)[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2006, 54(2):434-440.DOI:10.1021/jf051647b.
[14]	TALHAOUI N, TAAMALLI A, GÓMEZ-CARAVACA A M, et al. Phenolic compounds in olive leaves: analytical determination, biotic and abiotic influence,and health benefits[J]. Food Res Int, 2015, 77:92-108.DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2015.09.011.
[15]	WILSON R P. Amino acids and proteins[M]// ROBERT P W. Fish nutrition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003: 143-179.
[16]	BUYSSE J, MERCKX R. An improved colorimetric method to quantify sugar content of plant tissue[J]. J Exp Bot, 1993, 44(10):1627-1629.DOI:10.1093/jxb/44.10.1627.
[17]	MEDA A, LAMIEN C E, ROMITO M, et al. Determination of the total phenolic,flavonoid and proline contents in Burkina Fasan honey,as well as their radical scavenging activity[J]. Food Chem, 2005, 91(3):571-577.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.10.006.
[18]	JAPÓN-LUJÁN R, LUQUE-RODRÍGUEZ J M, LUQUE DE CASTRO M D. Dynamic ultrasound-assisted extraction of oleuropein and related biophenols from olive leaves[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2006, 1108(1):76-82.DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.106.
[19]	SALAH M, ABDELMELEK H, ABDERRABBA M. Study of phenolic composition and biological activities assessment of olive leaves from different varieties grown in Tunisia[J]. Med Chem (Los Angeles), 2012, 2(5):107-111.DOI:10.4172/2161-0444.1000124.
[20]	SAVOURNIN C, BAGHDIKIAN B, ELIAS R, et al. Rapid high-performance liquid chromatography analysis for the quantitative determination of oleuropein in Olea europaea leaves[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2001, 49(2):618-621.DOI:10.1021/jf000596+.
[21]	TALHAOUI N, GÓMEZ-CARAVACA A M, ROLDÁN C, et al. Chemometric analysis for the evaluation of phenolic patterns in olive leaves from six cultivars at different growth stages[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2015, 63(6):1722-1729.DOI:10.1021/jf5058205.
[22]	姜东, 于振文, 李永庚, 等. 冬小麦叶茎粒可溶性糖含量变化及其与籽粒淀粉积累的关系[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2001, 21(3):38-41.
	JIANG D, YU Z W, LI Y G, et al. Changes of soluble sugar contents in leaf,stem and grain in winter wheat and its relationship with grain starch accumulation[J]. Acta Tritical Crops, 2001, 21(3):38-41.
[23]	杨敏, 李隆云, 杨水平, 等. 青蒿生育期可溶性糖和氨基酸含量动态变化[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2009, 20(2):260-261.
	YANG M, LI L Y, YANG S P, et al. Dynamic change of soluble saccharides and amino acids during the growing period of Artemisia annua L[J]. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res, 2009, 20(2):260-261.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2009.02.002.
[24]	陈仕江, 钟国跃, 徐金辉. 黄连生育期间可溶性糖和氨基酸含量动态的研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2005, 30(17):1324-1327.
	CHEN S J, ZHONG G Y, XU J H. Dynamic change of soluble saccharides and amino acids during the growing period of Coptis chinensis[J]. China J Chin Mater Med, 2005, 30(17):1324-1327.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-5302.2005.17.005.

Related Articles 15

[1]	JI Linlin, CHEN Suchuan, WU Zhihui, CHANG Jun, TAO Rupeng, ZHOU Misheng, CAI Xinling. Variation and cluster analysis on the main economic characters and nutrients of fruit from Carya cathayensis and C. dabieshanensis fine trees [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(1): 131-137.
[2]	WANG Shaojun, ZUO Qianqian, CAO Qianbin, WANG Ping, YANG Bo, ZHAO Shuang, CHEN Minkun. Response of readily oxidized carbon to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculations in rocky desert soil, Xundian, Yunnan Province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(1): 7-14.
[3]	SONG Juan, XU Guofang, ZHAO Xing, YAO Yao, YANG Xuexiang, TANG Ronglin, CUI Jiawang, CHEN Fengmao, REN Jiahong. Screening of indigenous phosphate⁃solubilizing bacteria from Liquidambar formosana Hance rhizosphere and its potential applications for improving plant growth [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(3): 95-104.
[4]	YU Linlin, HU Haibo, YU Wei. Effects of urban green spaces on PM_2.5concentrations in atmosphere [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(3): 179-184.
[5]	YAO Guanggang,LI Guolei,ZHENG Yonglin,XUE Dunmeng,LI Shian,YUAN Qihua. Effects of slow-release fertilizer rate on the quality of Quercus aliena container seedlings [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(01): 69-75.
[6]	JIANG Chan, LI Qingqing, LIU Lili, ZHOU Jielong, CHEN Fenfen, YANG Yajing, ZHANG Xuan, GUO Aiwei. Seasonal variation in nutritional components of ten potential edible bamboos for giant panda [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2018, 42(05): 148-154.
[7]	CHEN Shuangshuang,QIN Peng,GU Qi,WANG Shucong,HONG Wei,SHI Peijian,WANG Fusheng. The effect of landscape econtone on biomass of moso bamboo [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2017, 41(04): 95-100.
[8]	ZHANG Wenwen, XIAO Hanran, YANG Baoling, DONG Kejia, RUAN Honghua, ZHENG Abao,SHEN Caiqin, CAO Guohua. Effects of soil fauna on seasonal variations of soil N mineralization under different land use type [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2016, 40(06): 20-26.
[9]	XU Wenhuan, DENG Fangfang, FANG Shuiyuan, WANG Guobing, RUAN Honghua, CAO Guohua. Effect of biochar on soil microbial biomass and the diversity of carbon source metabolism in poplar plantation [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2016, 40(05): 14-20.
[10]	LU Xiaoqiang, YANG Wanxia, XI Yueming, DING Fangjun. Effects of different vegetation recovery types on soil chemical and microbial biomass properties in Maolan Karst region [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2015, 39(05): 73-80.
[11]	LI Yan, ZHOU Xiaodong, FANG Shengzuo, DENG Bo, SHANG Xulan, YANG Wanxia. Influence of illumination intensity and provenance on triterpenoid accumulation in the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus seedlings [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2015, 39(05): 52-58.
[12]	LI Pingping, ZHU Yongli. Development and application of plant growing substrates made of agricultural and forestry wastes: A review [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2015, 39(05): 161-168.
[13]	XU Kai,XU Yu,GE Zhiwei,YU Shuiqiang,WANG Guobing,FAN Huan,ZHOU Danyan,RUAN Honghua. Effects of nitrogen addition on the seasonal variations of soil labile organic carbon in different age poplar plantations [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2014, 38(03): 19-23.
[14]	GAO Sheng, WANG Lei, XUE Jianhui*, WU Yongbo, RONG Yu. The relationship between coverage of herbaceous vegetation communities and soil nutrients in the Karst area of Guizhou province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2012, 36(01): 79-83.
[15]	QUAN Wei，YU Shaona，WANG Guobing, RUAN Honghua *, FANG Yanhong ，WANG Jiashe. Seasonal variations of fine root special root length along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi Mountains of southeastern China [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2011, 35(06): 139-142.

Metrics

Comments

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

成分 compound	校准方程 calibration equition	R²	校准范围/ (mg·mL^-1) linear calibration range
橄榄苦苷oleuropein	y=687.63 x-10.877 0	0.999 1	0~2.000 0
芦丁rutin	y=1 915.30 x+2.606 3	0.998 8	0~0.200 0
木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷 luteolin-4'-O-glucoside	y=256.15 x+7.045 5	0.998 1	0~2.500 0
芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷 apigenin-7-O-glucoside	y=2 745.80 x+0.129 9	0.999 9	0~0.250 0
木犀草素luteolin	y=3 157.00 x-5.031 8	0.999 7	0~0.150 0
槲皮素quercetin	y=378 228.00 x-1.012 1	0.998 9	0~0.000 4
芹菜素apigenin	y=4 910.80 x-3.607 1	0.999 1	0~-0.025 0

品种 cltuviars	叶龄 leaf age	橄榄苦苷 oleuropein	芦丁 rutin	木犀草素-4'-O- 葡萄糖苷 luteolin-4'-O- glucoside	芹菜素-7-O- 葡萄糖苷 apigenin-7-O- glucoside	木犀草素 luteolin	槲皮素 quercetin	芹菜素 apigenin
‘皮削利’ ‘Picholine’	老叶OL	28.12±0.40 g	2.78±0.08 b	42.89±1.44 b	2.30±0.09 cd	0.003±0.001 f	0.007±0.002 5 ef	nd
	嫩叶YL	62.34±0.76 d	1.46±0.08 def	25.55±2.09 cd	2.06±0.13 d	0.022±0.003 b	0.010±0.003 5 a	nd
‘科拉蒂’ ‘Coratina’	老叶OL	34.07±0.29 f	2.11±0.02 bcd	49.99±0.50 a	2.39±0.03 bc	0.004±0.001 ef	0.002±0.000 3 f	nd
	嫩叶YL	65.40±1.42 cd	3.71±0.32 a	52.57±2.62 a	2.69±0.13 a	0.011±0.001 cde	0.014±0.005 5 ef	nd
‘阿斯’ ‘Ascolana tenera’	老叶OL	43.62±0.21 e	0.75±0.11f g	26.13±1.30 cd	1.55±0.14 efg	0.015±0.001 bc	0.018±0.000 1 e	0.043±0.004 ab
	嫩叶YL	40.74±0.12 e	0.53±0.02 g	29.51±1.41 c	2.58±0.10 ab	0.013±0.001 cd	0.007±0.000 5 ef	nd
‘鄂植’ ‘Ezhi’	老叶OL	27.30±3.63 gh	2.52±0.29 bc	49.94±3.65 a	2.07±0.01 d	0.009±0.003 def	0.007±0.002 0 ef	0.0120±0.009c
	嫩叶YL	23.83±0.09 h	4.38±0.59 a	40.12±1.32 b	1.39±0.01 efg	0.078±0.008 a	0.075±0.005 5 b	0.059±0.002 a
‘卡林’ ‘Kalinjot’	老叶OL	43.42±0.10 e	2.16±0.14 bcd	30.24±1.51 c	1.79±0.03 e	0.014±0.001 bc	0.017±0.002 0 e	nd
	嫩叶YL	94.38±0.73 a	4.02±0.12 a	29.83±1.25 c	1.64±0.01 ef	0.018±0.002 bc	0.061±0.010 0 c	0.025±0.003 bc
‘戈达尔’ ‘Gordal’	老叶OL	66.32±0.45 c	1.35±0.05 ef	38.15±2.79 b	1.60±0.04 ef	0.007±0.001 def	0.015±0.000 1 e	nd
	嫩叶YL	85.56±0.67 b	1.95±0.19 cde	20.63±0.65 d	1.29±0.02 g	0.015±0.001 bc	0.040±0.003 5 d	nd

月份 months	游离氨基酸FAAC		可溶性糖SSC		可溶性蛋白SPC
月份 months	老叶OL	嫩叶YL	老叶OL	嫩叶YL	老叶OL	嫩叶YL
1	18.57±0.64 b	12.06±0.96 def	12.89±0.19 e	16.07±0.58 d	3.29±0.14 cdefgh	3.57±0.77 bcdefg
2	17.67±0.56 b	27.25±1.31 a	9.40±0.36 gh	12.07±0.29 de	3.85±0.25 bcde	4.07±0.27 bcd
3	14.07±1.04 cd	16.16±2.14 bc	15.76±0.29 d	18.83±0.50 b	2.76±0.19 efghi	4.62±0.22 b
4	3.43±0.07 jk	2.92±0.12 k	9.08±0.28 h	8.89±0.59 h	1.43±0.06 j	2.11±0.56 hij
5	7.83±0.91 hi	8.69±0.69 gh	15.50±0.76 d	16.68±0.47 cd	5.97±0.79 a	2.87±0.21 defgh
6	5.70±0.39 ij	26.80±2.17 a	17.86±0.81 bc	21.23±1.30 a	2.34±0.41 hij	4.44±0.50 bc
7	8.70±0.25 gh	15.92±1.11 bc	7.30±0.05 i	4.11±0.77 j	2.78±0.31 efghi	2.55±0.24 fghij
8	7.72±0.58 hi	8.64±0.76 gh	11.91±0.77 de	10.09±0.37 fgh	2.49±0.37 ghij	3.05±0.35 defgh
9	11.27±0.52 efg	13.62±0.62 cde	4.28±0.07 j	4.33±0.59 j	2.09±0.09 hij	1.64±0.15 ij
10	5.07±0.27 jk	4.58±0.20 jk	6.89±0.35 i	11.02±0.45 efg	2.17±0.27 hij	3.57±0.36 bcdefg
11	8.74±0.61 gh	9.49±0.91 fgh	5.73±0.48 ij	11.21±0.42 def	2.17±0.15 hij	3.34±0.27 cdefgh
12	18.57±0.64 b	26.36±0.62 a	5.13±0.19 j	4.43±0.28 j	4.01±0.25 bcd	3.74±0.26 bcdef

品种 cultivars	游离氨基酸FAAC		可溶性糖SSC		可溶性蛋白SPC
品种 cultivars	老叶OL	嫩叶YL	老叶OL	嫩叶YL	老叶OL	嫩叶YL
‘皮削利’‘Picholine’	19.33±0.05 f	25.95±2.47 e	9.28±0.44 e	15.87±0.76 bc	5.66±0.11 f	6.89±0.07 bcd
‘科拉蒂’‘Coratina’	27.80±1.94 de	33.37±2.32 c	15.40±0.23 bc	17.45±0.94 b	6.72±0.53 cde	5.89±0.08 ef
‘阿斯’‘Ascolana tenera’	18.94±0.98 f	34.23±1.71 c	12.24±0.45 d	5.86±0.05 f	6.80±0.05 bcd	7.67±0.35 ab
‘鄂植’‘Ezhi’	30.56±0.32 cde	32.34±0.11 cd	16.09±0.77 bc	15.63±0.36 bc	7.33±0.06 abc	6.12±0.14 def
‘卡林’‘Kalinjot’	31.15±0.53 cde	42.64±2.24 b	9.71±0.20 e	21.54±0.75 a	6.18±0.42 def	8.15±0.45 a
‘戈达尔’‘Gordal’	33.45±0.66 c	47.67±3.13 a	14.10±0.79 cd	8.34±0.48 e	7.10±0.02 bc	7.34±0.09 abc

Seasonal variations of the nutrients and phenols from olive leaves in main cultivation varieties at Liangshan, Sichuan Province

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 7

References 24

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

Author

Reader

Reviewer