Research on the application status of plants in rain gardens in Hangzhou

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202110039

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 239-246.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202110039

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Research on the application status of plants in rain gardens in Hangzhou

WU Wenting¹(), ZHOU Tingting¹^,², REN Yi¹, MEI Yi¹, LI Zhixing¹

1. College of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023, China
2. Hangzhou Aitian Network Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China

Received:2021-10-19 Revised:2022-03-22 Online:2022-07-30 Published:2022-08-01

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Using the field research method,this research is aiming at the constructed urban rain garden projects, from the perspective of the plant resource application, multiindex investigation and evaluation was carried out, the existing problems and optimization strategies were analyzed, in order to provide the inspiration for rain garden. 【Method】 According to the distribution of rain gardens in Hangzhou urban area, 17 representative rain gardens were selected to be researched on them from the overall application status of plants, plant ornamental characteristics, plant species and structural patterns in different sites and plant ecological characteristics and types in different rainwater treatment areas. 【Result】 (1) There are various types of shrubs and herbs in the rain gardens, where the number of herbs is dominant, while the application of trees is relative less; (2) In the water storage area, the plants that are more drought resistance, water resistance, pollution resistance and purification ability are mainly planted. In the buffer area, plants that are more resistant to drought, short-term moisture and rain erosion are mainly planted. In the marginal area, plants that are more drought-tolerant and more moisture-resistant are mainly planted; (3) There are 66 kinds of plants, which belong to 36 families and 51 genera, with the most species of angiosperms, accounting for more than 90%; (4) The most widely used plants are in Gramineae, Rosaceae, Cyperaceae, Cedaraceae and Leguminosae; (5) Herbaceous plants are mainly perennial, the proportion of evergreen and deciduous shrubs is not much different, and trees are mainly deciduous plants; (6) The proportion of ornamental plants is the largest, accounting for 53.03%, and the colors are rich, among which the purple and white plants are accounting for the most. 【Conclusion】 The overall application status of plant resources is good, but there are also some rain gardens that need to be expanded and enriched in species diversity, such as a lack of plant landscape hues and seasonal richness, a single plant hierarchy, unreasonable plant configuration in some places, and poor plant maintenance in some sites and other issues to be optimized.

Key words: urban green space, rain garden, plant resources, application status, optimization strategy, Hangzhou City

CLC Number:

S68
TU984

WU Wenting, ZHOU Tingting, REN Yi, MEI Yi, LI Zhixing. Research on the application status of plants in rain gardens in Hangzhou[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(4): 239-246.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.1

Table 5

The analysis of plant species in 17 rainwater garden green areas in Hangzhou city"

场地名称 site name	乔木arbor		灌木shrub		草本herb		种数 species number	种植模式 cultivation model
场地名称 site name	常绿	落叶	常绿	落叶	多年生	1~2年生	种数 species number	种植模式 cultivation model
古苑公园Guyuan Park	1	3	—	4	12	—	20	乔木、灌丛、草丛
东湖路市民公园Donghu Road Civic Park	2	6	3	7	20	1	39	乔木、乔灌草、灌丛、灌草、草丛
春华公园Chunhua Park	—	4	2	4	13	—	23	乔草、灌丛、草丛
钱塘生态公园Qiantang Ecological Park	2	8	5	9	25	—	49	乔灌、乔灌草、灌丛、灌草、草丛
方家埭郊野公园Fong Kadai Country Park	2	7	4	9	23	1	46	乔木、乔草、灌丛、灌草、草丛
之江水泥厂工业遗址公园Zhijiang Cement Factory Industrial Heritage Park	1	6	3	7	18	—	35	乔木、乔灌、灌丛、灌草、草丛
美政花苑Meizheng Garden	—	2	1	3	17	—	23	乔木、灌丛、灌草、草丛
南班巷社区Nanban Lane Community	—	2	1	4	15	1	22	乔木、乔灌、灌草、草丛
春森俪湾小区Chunsenliwan Community	1	2	1	3	18	—	25	乔木、灌丛、灌草、草丛
山水人家Shanshui Family	2	4	—	6	9	1	22	乔灌、灌丛、灌草
德信早城Dexin Morning City	1	2	1	4	11	—	20	乔灌、灌草、草丛
名城湖左岸left bank of Mingcheng Lake	—	2	1	3	12	—	18	乔灌、灌草、草丛
保俶路体育场路口和西溪路口Baochu Road Stadium intersection and Xixi intersection	—	—	—	2	13	1	16	灌丛、灌草、草丛
横街社区街旁绿化带green belt beside the street in Hengjie Community	1	2	3	6	12	—	24	乔灌、灌丛、灌草、草丛
智慧新天地段Wisdom Xintiandi Road section	—	2	1	5	14	—	22	乔灌、乔木、灌草、草丛
丁群街生态截污工程Dingqun Street Ecological Pollution Interception Project	—	1	1	3	10	—	15	乔木、灌草、草丛
宣杭铁路南侧绿化带the green belt on the south side of Xuanhang railway	1	2	2	4	11	1	21	乔草、乔灌、灌丛、草丛

Table 5

Fig.2

Table 6

Species and ecological characteristics in different function zoring of rainwater treatment areas"

雨水处理功能分区 function zoning of rainwater treatment area	植物生活型 plant life form	植物名称 species	生态特性 ecological characteristics	雨水处理功能分区 function zoning of rainwater treatment area	植物生活型 plant life form	植物名称 species	生态特性 ecological characteristics
蓄水区 water storage area		花叶芦竹Arundo donax	旱湿两栖	蓄水区、缓冲区 water storage area and buffer area	多年生草本	香根草Vetiveria zizanioides	旱湿两栖
		香菇草Hydrocotyle vulgaris	旱湿两栖			矮蒲苇Cortaderia selloana var. pumila	旱湿两栖
		Lythrum salicaria	旱湿两栖			矮蒲苇Cortaderia selloana var. pumila	旱湿两栖
		旱伞草Cyperus alternifolius	旱湿两栖			再力花Thalia dealbata	喜湿润
		花菖蒲Iris ensata var. hortensis	旱湿两栖			细叶莎草Cyperus papyrus	旱湿两栖
	多年生草本	黄菖蒲Iris pseudacorus	旱湿两栖			花叶燕麦草Arrhenatherum elatius cv. Variegatum	旱湿两栖、耐贫瘠
		鸢尾Iris tectorum	旱湿两栖			花叶燕麦草Arrhenatherum elatius cv. Variegatum	旱湿两栖、耐贫瘠
		菖蒲Acorus calamus	旱湿两栖			美人蕉 Canna indica	喜湿润
		德国鸢尾Iris germanica	旱湿两栖			花叶水葱Scirpus validus	喜湿润
		芦苇Phragmites australis	旱湿两栖			水葱Scirpus validus	喜湿润
		石菖蒲Acorus gramineus	旱湿两栖			茭白Zizania latifolia	喜湿润
		芦竹Arundo donax	旱湿两栖			香蒲Typha angustifolia	喜湿润
蓄水区、缓冲区 water storage area and buffer area	常绿乔木	湿地松Pinus elliottii	耐涝、耐贫瘠、较耐干旱			花叶美人蕉 Cannaceae generalis cv. striatus	喜湿润
		东方杉Taxodium mucronatum × Cryptomeria fortunei	耐干旱、耐水湿			细叶针茅Stipa lessingiana	喜湿润
		东方杉Taxodium mucronatum × Cryptomeria fortunei	耐干旱、耐水湿			灯心草Juncus effnsus	喜湿润
	落叶乔木	乌桕Sapium sebiferum	耐短期水涝	缓冲区 buffer area	常绿灌木	洒金桃叶珊瑚^* Aucuba japonica var. variegata	耐水湿
		落羽杉Taxodium distichum	耐干旱、极耐水湿	缓冲区 buffer area	常绿灌木	洒金桃叶珊瑚^* Aucuba japonica var. variegata	耐水湿
		枫杨 ^* Pterocarya stenoptera	耐水湿			桃叶珊瑚^* Aucuba japonica	耐水湿
		垂柳 Salix babylonica	耐短期水涝			八角金盘^* Fatsia japonica	较耐湿、忌干旱
		水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐水湿		多年生草本	紫花地丁Viola philippica	喜湿润、耐干旱
		水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐水湿	缓冲区、边缘区 buffer area and marginal area	常绿灌木	凤尾兰Yucca gloriosa	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、较耐水湿
		池杉Taxodium ascendens	较耐干旱、耐涝	缓冲区、边缘区 buffer area and marginal area	常绿灌木	凤尾兰Yucca gloriosa	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、较耐水湿
		旱柳Salix matsudana	耐短期水涝			红花檵木Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum	耐干旱、较耐水湿
	常绿灌木	大叶黄杨(冬青卫 )^* Euonymus japonicus	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐水湿			红花檵木Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum	耐干旱、较耐水湿
	常绿灌木	大叶黄杨(冬青卫 )^* Euonymus japonicus	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐水湿		落叶灌木	红叶李^* Prunus cerasifera f. atrapurpurea	稍耐干燥、稍耐瘠薄、较耐水湿
		银边大叶黄杨^* Euonymus japonicus cv. Albo-marginatus	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐水湿		落叶灌木	红叶李^* Prunus cerasifera f. atrapurpurea	稍耐干燥、稍耐瘠薄、较耐水湿
		银边大叶黄杨^* Euonymus japonicus cv. Albo-marginatus	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐水湿		多年生草本	玉带草Phalaris arundinacea	喜湿润
		夹竹桃Nerium oleander	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐水湿			萱草Hemerocallis fulva	喜湿润、耐干旱
		夹竹桃Nerium oleander	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐水湿		1~2年生草本	诸葛菜 Orychophragmus violaceus	喜湿润
		南天竹Nandina domestica	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐水湿		1~2年生草本	诸葛菜 Orychophragmus violaceus	喜湿润
		南天竹Nandina domestica	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、耐水湿	边缘区 marginal area	常绿乔木	构树 Broussonetia papyrifera	耐干旱、耐瘠薄
	落叶灌木	彩叶杞柳Salix integra ‘Hakuro Nishiki’	耐干旱,耐水湿			栾树 ^* Koelreuteria paniculata	耐干旱、耐瘠薄
		雪柳ontanesia fortunei	耐干旱,耐水湿		常绿灌木	火棘Pyracantha fortuneana	耐干旱
		木芙蓉Hibiscus mutabilis	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、喜水湿			红叶石楠^* Photinia× fraseri‘Red robin’	耐干旱、耐瘠薄、忌水湿
		木槿 Hibiscus syriacus	耐干旱、耐贫瘠、耐水湿			无刺枸骨Ilex cornuta	耐干旱、耐瘠薄
		木槿 Hibiscus syriacus	耐干旱、耐贫瘠、耐水湿		落叶灌木	鸡爪槭Acer palmatum	较耐旱、不耐水涝
		紫穗槐Amorpha fruticosa	耐干旱、耐水湿			紫荆Cercis chinensis	耐干旱、不耐水湿
	多年生草本	斑叶芒Miscanthus sinensis ‘Zebrinus’	旱湿两栖			垂丝海棠^* Malus halliana	较耐旱、忌过湿
	多年生草本	斑叶芒Miscanthus sinensis ‘Zebrinus’	旱湿两栖			贴梗海棠^*Chaenomeles speciosa	耐干旱、忌水湿
		细叶芒Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’	旱湿两栖		多年生草本	金叶苔草Carex ‘Evergold’	喜湿润、不耐水涝
		细叶芒Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’	旱湿两栖			棕红苔草Carex buchananii	喜湿润、不耐水涝

Table 6

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所属场地名称 site name	建成年份 built year	雨水花园面积/hm² area of rainwater garden	绿地面积/ hm² area of green space	绿地类型 type of green space
古苑公园Guyuan Park	2016	1.53	8.50	公园
东湖路市民公园Donghu Road Civic Park	2017	2.29	5.81	公园
春华公园Chunhua Park	2019	1.38	4.71	公园
钱塘生态公园Qiantang Ecological Park	2019	4.77	10.67	公园
方家埭郊野公园Fong Kadai Country Park	2018	2.63	3.26	公园
之江水泥厂工业遗址公园Zhijiang Cement Factory Industrial Heritage Park	2018	2.04	3.10	公园
美政花苑Meizheng Garden	2018	0.85	6.70	居住区
南班巷社区Nanban Lane Community	2019	0.76	4.60	居住区
春森俪湾小区Chunsenliwan Community	2017	0.71	4.70	居住区
山水人家Shanshui Family	2004	1.86	14.80	居住区
德信早城Dexin Morning City	2012	0.73	4.20	居住区
名城湖左岸left bank of Mingcheng Lake	2012	0.64	4.60	居住区
保俶路体育场路口和西溪路口Baochu Road Stadium intersection and Xixi intersection	2016	0.02	0.02	道路
横街社区街旁绿化带green belt beside the street in Hengjie Community	2016	0.08	0.08	道路
智慧新天地段Wisdom Xintiandi road section	2016	1.06	1.06	道路
丁群街生态截污工程Dingqun street ecological pollution interception project	2018	0.05	0.05	道路
宣杭铁路南侧绿化带the green belt on the south side of Xuanhang railway	2017	1.01	1.01	道路

项目 item	乔木 arbor		灌木 shrub		草本 herb
项目 item	常绿 evergreen	落叶 deciduous	常绿 evergreen	落叶 deciduous	多年生 perennial	其他 other
科数family number	2	6	9	6	12	1
属数 genus number	2	7	10	9	22	1
种数species number	2	9	12	10	32	1
种类占比/% species proportion	3.0	13.6	18.2	15.2	48.5	1.5

植物类别 plant type	科数 family number	占比/% proportion	属数 genus number	占比/% proportion	种数 species number	占比/% proportion	乔木种数 arbor species number	占比/% proportion	灌木种数 shrub species number	占比/% proportion	草本数 herb	占比/% proportion
裸子植物 gymnosperms	2	6.06	3	6.12	5	7.58	5	45.45	0	0	0	0
被子植物 angiosperms	31	93.94	46	93.88	61	92.42	6	54.55	22	100.00	33	100.00
合计total	33	100.00	49	100.00	66	100.00	11	100.00	22	100.00	33	100.00

观赏特性 prnamental characteristic	乔木种类arbor type		灌木种类shrub type		草本种类herb type		种数 species number
观赏特性 prnamental characteristic	常绿 evergreen	落叶 deciduous	常绿 evergreen	落叶 deciduous	多年生 perennial	其他 other	种数 species number
观花ornamental flower	—	—	5	9	20	1	35
观果ornamental fruit	1	7	3	3	—	1	15
观叶ornamental foliage	—	4	7	3	9	—	23

Research on the application status of plants in rain gardens in Hangzhou

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