Effects of endogenous inhibitors on seed germination of Cercis canadensis

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106015

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 104-112.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106015

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Effects of endogenous inhibitors on seed germination of Cercis canadensis

WANG Haoyu¹(), GAO Yunpeng¹, ZHU Mingwei¹, WU Yang¹, XU Linqiao², LI Shuxian¹^,^*()

1. College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Yancheng Forest Farm, Yancheng 224136,China

Received:2021-06-09 Revised:2021-11-01 Online:2022-09-30 Published:2022-10-19
Contact: LI Shuxian E-mail:haoyuw@njfu.edu.cn;shuxianli@njfu.com.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The relationship between endogenous inhibitors and seed dormancy of Cercis canadensis was explored to provide evidence for revealing its seed dormancy and the mechanisms for breaking dormancy. 【Method】 Stratification treatments at cold temperatures were applied to break the seed dormancy of C. canadensis after 80 ℃ water pretreatment. The germination percentage and the bioactivity of seeds at different stratification stages were determined. Combined with GC-MS/HPLC and effective semi-inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀), the endogenous inhibitor types in the seed of C. canadensis and the content of these endogenous inhibitors in the dormancy breaking process were analyzed. 【Result】 The endogenous inhibitors in the seed of C. canadensis resulted in seed dormancy. The dormancy was gradually released along with the time of stratification. The inhibition of the C. canadensis seed coat and the endosperm separation on the germination of cabbage seeds was ether phase > methanol phase > water phase ≈ ethyl acetate phase > petroleum ether phase. This indicated that endogenous inhibitors in the seed coat and the endosperm mainly existed in the ether phase, the methanol phase, and the ethyl acetate phase of the seed coat-endosperm extraction. Six inhibitor types in the seed coat-endosperm separation of C. canadensis were identified using GC-MS, including oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) and pyrogallol. The IC₅₀ was performed to determine these six standards and results showed that oleic acid had no inhibitory effect on the seed germination of cabbage. A higher concentration of linoleic acid, palmitto acid, and stearic acid inhibited cabbage germination, while lower concentrations of BHT and pyrogallol strongly retarded cabbage germination. In the dormancy release process, linoleic acid content resulted in a “decrease-increase-decrease” trend. Meanwhile, the content of palmitic acid, stearic acid, BHT and pyrogallol presented a decreasing trend, decreasing by 42.43%, 52.00%, 5.77% and 96.14%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 By combining IC₅₀ and the changes of inhibitor content in the stratification process, it was concluded that pyrocatechol may be the main inhibitor of C. canadensis seed dormancy.

Key words: Cercis canadensis, seed dormancy, endogenous inhibitors, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), effective semi-inhibitory concentration(IC₅₀)

CLC Number:

S722.1

WANG Haoyu, GAO Yunpeng, ZHU Mingwei, WU Yang, XU Linqiao, LI Shuxian. Effects of endogenous inhibitors on seed germination of Cercis canadensis[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(5): 104-112.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

The kinds of inhibitors and their relative content in seed coat and endosperm of C. canadensis seed"

有机相 organic phase	类型(相对含量/%) type (relative content)	化合物种类(相对含量/%) kinds of inhibitors (relative content)
石油醚相 petroleum ether phase	有机酸(22.97)	亚油酸(14.80)、棕榈酸(7.02)、硬脂酸(1.15)
	烷类(8.48)	癸烷(十烷)(2.04)、正十五烷(0.96)、2,6-二甲基辛烷(0.90)、十四烷(0.74)、正十七烷(0.72)、1-甲基-2-丙基环己烷(0.67)、正十六烷(0.66)、正十八烷(0.62)、正二十一烷(0.63)、环庚烷(0.54)
	醇类(7.73)	γ-谷甾醇(6.04)、菜油甾醇(1.69)
	酯类(7.43)	邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(2.48)、间苯二酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(1.58)、亚油酸甲酯(1.24)、棕榈酸甲酯(1.12)、(Z)-油酸甲酯(1.01)
	酰胺类(2.24)	芥酸酰胺(2.24)
	苯类(1.36)	1,2,4-三甲基苯(0.77)、1,3,5-三甲基苯 (0.59)
	其他物质(3.82)	维生素 E(2.37)、亚麻酰氯(1.45)
乙醚相 ether phase	有机酸类(14.24)	亚油酸(7.74)、棕榈酸(4.21)、尿黑酸(1.25)、硬脂酸(1.04)
	醇类(9.50)	γ-谷甾醇(6.46)、植物甾醇(1.68)、菜油甾醇(1.36)
	酰胺类(1.28)	芥酸酰胺(1.28)
	其他物质	未知物质2(21.56)、1-单壬烷-rac-甘油(4.96)、4-羟基苯乙腈(3.29)、天然维生素E(2.55)、2-单棕榈酸甘油(1.99)、2-氯杀鼠灵酮 (1.09)
乙酸乙酯相 ethyl acetate phase	酚类(44.67)	邻苯三酚(41.37)、3-甲氧基儿茶酚(2.29)、对甲基儿茶酚(1.01)
	酯类(8.83)	没食子酸甲酯(4.03)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(1.73)、乙酸丁酯(1.69)、2-羟基苯乙酸甲酯(1.38)
	有机酸类(15.72)	尿黑酸(13.94)、棕榈酸(1.78)
	酰胺类(3.00)	芥酸酰胺(1.79)、油酸酰胺(1.21)
	其他物质(7.00)	2-氯杀鼠灵酮(4.43)、3,5-二甲氧基苯乙酮(1.32)、2-吲哚酮(1.25)
甲醇相 methanol phase	酚类(10.00)	邻苯三酚(6.60)、3-甲氧基儿茶酚(2.00)、邻苯二酚(1.40)
	醇类(0.88)	二十七烷醇(0.88)
	其他物质(78.06)	未知物质3(21.16)、甲基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷半水合物(17.66)、3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯乙腈(11.52)、1,6-脱水β-D-葡萄糖(14.74)、对羟基苯乙腈(8.75)、4A-甲基-4,4a,5,6,7,8-六氢-3H-萘-2-酮(4.23)

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.1

Table 6

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层积时间/d stratification time	发芽率/% germination rate	发芽指数 germination index
0	0 d	0 e
15	46.0±3.5 c	5.6±0.4 d
30	82.0±3.5 b	10.8±0.4 c
45	95.3±1.2 a	17.7±0.3 b
60	97.3±2.3 a	22.3±0.4 a

层积时间/d stratification time	发芽率/% germination rate	发芽指数 germination index	抑制率/% proportion of germination inhibition
CK	84.0±2.0 a	34.0±0.7 a	0.0
0	20.3±3.1 d	6.8±1.0 d	75.8
15	41.7±8.0 c	14.8±3.1 c	50.4
30	49.0±6.0 bc	17.7±2.6 bc	41.7
45	55.7±4.2 b	21.0±1.9 b	33.7
60	82.3±3.1 a	32.0±1.7 a	2.0

提取液 extract	发芽率/% germination percentage	发芽指数 germination index	抑制率/% proportion of germination inhibition
CK	91.0±1.0 a	15.4±0.7 a	0
石油醚相 petroleum ether phase	92.0±1.2 a	14.9±0.5 a	-1.1
乙醚相 ether phase	54.7±6.4 b	6.2±0.2 c	39.9
乙酸乙酯相 ethyl acetate phase	82.7±3.7 a	8.5±0.4 b	9.1
甲醇相 methanol phase	65.0±6.0 c	7.0±0.9 cd	28.6
水相 water phase	81.3±5.9 a	7.8±0.6 b	10.7

标准品 standard	回归方程 regression equation	相关系数 correlation coefficient	半抑制浓度/ (mg·L^-1) IC₅₀
油酸 oleic acid	y= 9 161.82 x+ 269 265.56	0.999	—
亚油酸 linoleic acid	y= 96 001.76 x+ 175 672.60	0.999	111.94
棕榈酸 palmitic acid	y= 87 119.13 x+ 228 130.85	0.999	460.26
硬脂酸 stearic acid	y= 10 897.25 x- 40 524.97	0.999	972.75
BHT 2,6-di-tert- butyl-p-cresol	y= 6 629.16 x- 13 363.70	0.999	54.83
邻苯三酚 pyrogallol	y= 5 879.57 x- 12 800.59	0.999	51.20

指标 index	层积时间 stratification time	发芽率 germination percentage	发芽指数 germination index	亚油酸 linoleic acid	棕榈酸 palmitic acid	硬脂酸 stearic acid	BHT 2,6-di-tert- butyl-p-cresol
发芽率germination percentage	0.924^*
发芽指数germination index	0.999^**	0.923^*
亚油酸linoleic acid	0.351	0.509	0.384
棕榈酸palmitic acid	-0.968^**	-0.851	-0.959^**	-0.109
硬脂酸stearic acid	-0.996^**	-0.936^*	-0.991^**	-0.305	0.978^**
BHT 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol	-0.973^**	-0.964^**	-0.978^**	-0.549	0.888^*	0.963^**
邻苯三酚pyrogallol	-0.895^*	-0.993^**	-0.892^*	-0.462	0.836	0.916^*	0.932^*

Effects of endogenous inhibitors on seed germination of Cercis canadensis

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