Taxonomic implications of genome sizes and micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis of species in Sorbus Sect. Alnifoliae

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.2021100096

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 77-86.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.2021100096

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Taxonomic implications of genome sizes and micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis of species in Sorbus Sect. Alnifoliae

QIU Jing¹(), LI Jiabao(), ZHU Dahai³, CHEN Xin¹^,^*()

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Sanjiang University, Nanjing 210012, China
3. Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve,Chengdu 611830,China

Received:2021-10-09 Revised:2021-11-08 Online:2023-05-30 Published:2023-05-25
Contact: CHEN Xin E-mail:12251955@qq.com;651688771@qq.com;chenxinzhou@hotmail.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Genome sizes and micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis in five species representing Sorbus Sect. Alnifoliae together with two taxonomically controversial varieties were studied. The purpose of this study was to explore the taxonomic significance and the correlation between genome size and cell size. 【Method】The genome size was estimated by flow cytometry. Qualitative and quantitative traits of leaf epidermis were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy【Result】The flow cytometric genome size estimation revealed that seven investigated taxa possessed very small genomes. The nuclear DNA content varied from 1.348 pg in S. yuana to 1.586 pg in S. zahlbruckneri. Though all are diploids, significant variation of genome size was observed among taxa. Polygonal-irregular or irregular epidermal cell shape, straight, arched or undulate of anticlinal walls, were determined using light microscopy. Patterns of cuticular ornamentation such as smooth, thickened areas, ridges, reticulate and folds and epicuticular wax types such as crusts, granules, threads and platelets were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Simple single ribbon-like trichomes are located on the lower epidermis of four taxa. Stomatal apparatuses are anomocytic and confined to areole on abaxial, not adaxial, epidermis. Guard cells with or without obvious annular outer edges. Significant variations in epidermal cell area, stomatal width, area, density and stomatal index, were observed among the taxa. There was a positive relationship between genome size and stomatal length, width, area and epidermal cell area and a negative relationship with stomatal density and stomatal index. 【Conclusion】Genome sizes, qualitative and quantitative traits of leaf epidermis allow clear delimitation and identification of the seven taxa. The treatments of S. alnifolia var. angulata and S. alnifolia var. lobulata as synonyms of S. japonica are not supported and the latter two names are suggested to be reinstated here.

Key words: genome size, cell size, micromorphological characteristics, leaf epidermis, Sorbus Sect. Alnifoliae

CLC Number:

S792.25
Q943

QIU Jing, LI Jiabao, ZHU Dahai, CHEN Xin. Taxonomic implications of genome sizes and micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis of species in Sorbus Sect. Alnifoliae[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(3): 77-86.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 3

Micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis of Sorbus Sect. Alnifoliae"

种/变种 taxon	上表皮/ 下表皮 Ad or Ab	表皮细胞形状 epidermal cell shape	垂周壁 anticlinal wall	平周壁 periclinal wall	表皮毛 trichome	表面纹饰 cuticular ornamentation	表皮蜡质 epicuticular wax	气孔外缘 outer stomatal rim	气孔纹饰 stomatal ornamentation	图 figure
水榆花楸 S. alnifolia var. alnifolia	Ad	多边形、不规则形	平直、弧形; 隆起	凹陷	-	局部加厚	光滑层、颗粒状、片状、线状	-	-	图2Aa 图3Aa、Ab
	Ab	多边形、不规则形	平直、弧形; 隆起	凹陷	-	局部加厚	光滑层、颗粒状、片状、线状	不完全环形外缘; 两极T状加厚	颗粒状、片状	图2Ab 图3 Ac-Ae
棱果花楸 S. alnifolia var. angulata	Ad	多边形、不规则形	平直、弧状; 凹陷	隆起	-	近光滑	壳状、颗粒状	-	-	图2Ba 图3Ba、3Bb
	Ab	多边形、不规则形	平直、弧状; 凹陷	隆起	无	局部加厚	壳状、颗粒状、线状	不完全环形外缘; 两极T状加厚	壳状	图2Bb 图3 Bc-Be
裂叶水榆花楸 S. alnifolia var. lobulata	Ad	不规则形	波状、弧形; 隆起	凹陷	无	局部加厚	壳状、颗粒状、片状、线状	-	-	图2Ca 图3Ca、3Cb
	Ab	不规则形	波状、弧形; 隆起	凹陷	无	局部加厚	壳状、颗粒状	光滑	壳状	图2Cb 图3 Cc-Ce
石灰花楸 S. folgneri	Ad	多边形、不规则形	平直、弧形、波状;凹陷	隆起	无	脊状隆起	壳状、颗粒状、线状	-	-	图2Da 图3Da、3Db
	Ab	多边形、不规则形	平直、弧形、波状;不可见	不可见	带状	不可见	不可见	不完全环形外缘; 两极T状加厚	壳状	图2Db 图3 Dc-De
日本花楸 S. japonica	Ad	多边形、不规则形	平直、弧形、波状;隆起	凹陷	无	网纹、局部加厚	壳状、颗粒状	-	-	图2Ea 图3 Ea、3Eb
	Ab	多边形、不规则形	平直、弧形、波状;隆起	凹陷	带状	褶皱	壳状、颗粒状	环形外缘	壳状	图2Eb 图3 Ec-Ee
神农架花楸 S. yuana	Ad	多边形、不规则形	平直、弧形; 隆起	凹陷	无	局部加厚	壳状、颗粒状、片状	-	-	图2Fa 图3Fa、3Fb
	Ab	多边形、不规则形	平直、弧形; 隆起	凹陷	带状	褶皱	壳状、颗粒状	环形外缘	壳状	图2Fb 图3 Fc-Fe
长果花楸 S. zahlbruckneri	Ad	不规则形	波状; 隆起	凹陷	-	局部加厚	平滑层、颗粒状、片状、线状	-	-	图2Ga 图3 Ga、3Gb
	Ab	不规则形	波状; 隆起	凹陷	带状	褶皱	壳状、颗粒状	环形外缘	近光滑	图2Gb 图3 Gc-Ge

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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种/变种 taxon	采集地 location	地理坐标 geographical coordinates	海拔/m altitude	采集人及凭证标本号 collector and voucher No.	采集时间(年-月) collection time (year-month)
水榆花楸 S. alnifolia var. alnifolia	江西三清山	118°3'27.69″E, 28°54'31.46″N	1 563	陈昕、朱凯琳、李嘉宝 1443	2019-09
棱果花楸 S. alnifolia var. angulata	山东鲁山	118°03'09.00″E, 36°17'45.31″N	1 047	陈昕、邱靖 0140	2015-10
裂叶水榆花楸 S. alnifolia var. lobulata	山东崂山	120°36'13.76″E, 36°12'29.14″N	393	陈昕 0038	2014-10
石灰花楸 S. folgneri	贵州梵净山	108°43'20.57″E, 27°53'48.05″N	1 109	陈昕、朱凯琳、李嘉宝1582	2019-09
日本花楸 S. japonica	日本武奈ヶ岳山	135°53'48.95″E, 35°15'52.61″N	1 018	王丰 0257	2015-10
神农架花楸 S. yuana	湖北神农架温水林场桥洞沟	110°19'17.76″E, 31°34'21.30″N	2 173	陈云、赵洋 0817	2016-10
长果花楸 S. zahlbruckneri	湖北兴山龙门河国家森林公园	110°29'42.12″E, 31°19'14.93″N	1 539	陈昕、洑香香、刘清亮 0500	2016-05

种/变种 taxon	2C值/pg 2C value	C_x值/pg C_x value
水榆花楸Sorbus alnifolia var. alnifolia	1.435±0.019 c	0.717±0.010 c
棱果花楸S. alnifolia var. angulata	1.434±0.002 c	0.717±0.001 c
裂叶水榆花楸S. alnifolia var. lobulata	1.441±0.007 bc	0.72±0.004 bc
石灰花楸S. folgneri	1.460±0.029 b	0.730±0.014 b
日本花楸S. japonica	1.393±0.010 d	0.696±0.005 d
神农架花楸S. yuana	1.348±0.032 e	0.674±0.016 e
长果花楸S. zahlbruckneri	1.586±0.007 a	0.793±0.004 a

种/变种 taxon	上表皮细胞面积/μm² cell area of adaxial epidermis	下表皮细胞面积/μm² cell area of abaxial epidermis	气孔器长/μm stomatal length	气孔器宽/μm stomatal width	气孔器面积/μm stomatal area	气孔密度/ 个/mm² stomatal density	气孔指数/% stomatal index
水榆花楸 S. alnifolia var. alnifolia	678.64±148.30 c	635.24±143.75 d	28.76±3.26 a	21.36±2.55 a	564.17±115.56 a	170.64±36.39 d	11.44±2.67 ab
棱果花楸 S. alnifolia var. angulata	606.77±147.80 e	632.83±115.64 d	28.46±3.36 a	22.87±3.79 a	564.55±150.01 a	265.02±36.01 a	17.08±2.10 a
裂叶水榆花楸 S. alnifolia var. lobulata	797.55±210.44 b	701.2±227.46 c	24.41±3.68 a	19.58±2.56 a	457.59±110.74 e	190.16±56.45 c	12.31±2.81 ab
石灰花楸 S. folgneri	662.84±147.18 d	496.84±118.16 f	24.98±3.18 a	20.98±2.34 a	510.12±89.97 c	205.04±29.34 b	12.89±1.83a b
日本花楸 S. japonica	798.03±182.78 b	776.79±184.5 b	26.91±2.79 a	20.52±1.83 a	514.63±102.16 c	101.82±21.86 f	7.64±1.61 b
神农架花楸 S. yuana	605.05±101.58 e	613.19±121.32 e	26.3±3.92 a	20.69±2.51 a	493.03±123.16 d	189.7±35.53 c	10.51±1.78 ab
长果花楸 S. zahlbruckneri	967.63±230.32 a	826.62±164.36 a	30.81±3.02 a	21.5±2.23 a	552.81±105.21 b	117.17±13.48 e	8.74±1.08 b

指标 index	基因组大小 genome size	上表皮细胞面积 cellular area of adaxial epidermis	下表皮细胞面积 cellular area of abaxial epidermis	气孔器长 stomata length	气孔器宽 stomata width	气孔器面积 stomata length	气孔密度 stomata density	气孔指数 stomata index
基因组大小genome size	1
上表皮细胞面积 cellular area of adaxial epidermis	0.737^*	1
下表皮细胞面积 cellular area of abaxial epidermis	0.413	0.826^*	1
气孔器长stomata length	0.562	0.379	0.524	1
气孔器宽stomata width	0.241	-0.274	-0.116	0.663	1
气孔器面积stomata length	0.379	-0.017	0.101	0.852^**	0.874^**	1
气孔密度stomata density	-0.260	-0.748^*	-0.705^*	-0.273	0.434	0.048	1
气孔指数stomata index	-0.099	-0.623	-0.593	-0.152	0.532	0.185	0.966^**	1

Taxonomic implications of genome sizes and micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis of species in Sorbus Sect. Alnifoliae

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