Studies on the phenotypic traits and quality characteristics of seven superior tree nuts of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202211034

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 37-44.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202211034

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Studies on the phenotypic traits and quality characteristics of seven superior tree nuts of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’

TAO Tao¹(), LIU Yaohui², XUE Zhongjun⁴, GAO Yue², YUAN Luhong², ZHENG Fen⁵, WU Wei³^,^*(), HUANG Jieying²^,^*()

1. Anhui Vocational and Technical College of Forestry, Hefei 230031, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
3. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
4. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
5. Hongsheng Torreya Grandis Plantation of Yi County, Anhui Province,Huangshan 245000, China

Received:2022-11-28 Revised:2023-03-05 Online:2024-03-30 Published:2024-04-08

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study investigated seven nuts of Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’ to compare and analyze the primary physical properties and content of the main components, understand the quality of T. grandis in Yi County, and provide a theoretical basis for the selection, development, and utilization of improved varieties of T. grandis ‘Merrillii’【Method】 Seven T. grandis were selected ‘Merrillii’ germplasms from Yi County, southern Anhui Province; measured their phenotypic characteristics, mineral elements, nutrient composition, fatty acid composition, and 29 additional physical and chemical properties; and carried out correlation and cluster analyses on the measured data. 【Result】 The phenotypic characteristics and internal quality indices of T. grandis ‘Merrillii’ differed significantly (P < 0.05). The crude protein content ranged from 6.67% to 14.69%. The crude fat content varied from 36.20% to 55.51%, among which the highest average content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was linoleic acid at 47.81%, followed by chrysotile acid at 12.20%. The total potassium (TK) content varied from 0.77% to 1.39%, and there was a significant difference between different superior plants (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive analysis, the crude protein content of the oblong-shaped Zhujiyihao and Zhejiangxifei was higher than that of T. grandis ‘Merrillii’ types with a round appearance, while the oil acid value of the oblong T. grandis ‘Merrillii’ kernel was lower, and the oil quality was better. Acid value, nuclear shape index, and oleic acid content can be used as the optimum indexes for screening superior plants of T. grandis ‘Merrillii’.

Key words: Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’, superior strain, phenotypic traits, quality, optimization index

CLC Number:

S791.53

TAO Tao, LIU Yaohui, XUE Zhongjun, GAO Yue, YUAN Luhong, ZHENG Fen, WU Wei, HUANG Jieying. Studies on the phenotypic traits and quality characteristics of seven superior tree nuts of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(2): 37-44.

Figures/Tables 9

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优株 superior tree	种核seed nucleus		种仁seed kernel			种壳厚度/mm seed shell thickness		核形指数 fruit shape index		仁形指数 kernel shape index
优株 superior tree	纵径/mm longitudinal diameter	横径/mm transverse diameter	纵径/mm longitudinal diameter	横径/mm transverse diameter	质量/g mass	种壳厚度/mm seed shell thickness		核形指数 fruit shape index		仁形指数 kernel shape index
ZJXF	25.89±0.51 a	12.58±0.38 d	21.58±0.64 b	9.27±0.21 d	0.98±0.18 e		0.52±0.03 d		2.06±0.02 b		2.34±0.04 b
ZJYH	26.88±1.24 a	11.63±0.67 e	25.53±1.25 a	10.27±0.68 cd	2.22±0.21 b		0.68±0.02 bc		2.34±0.02 a		2.52±0.04 a
GCMF	21.89±0.19 b	15.12±0.26 b	17.83±0.21 c	10.98±0.02 bc	1.84±0.02 c		0.52±0.02 d		1.45±0.01 d		1.63±0.01 d
MF	22.78±0.26 b	14.98±0.44 bc	18.00±0.16 c	9.69±0.48 d	1.69±0.04 c		1.03±0.07 a		1.52±0.03 c		1.88±0.07 c
HSF	20.67±0.16 c	14.93±0.26 bc	16.45±0.26 d	11.76±0.59 b	1.42±0.14 d		0.67±0.09 bc		1.39±0.04 e		1.42±0.07 e
YLX	19.68±0.59 c	14.18±0.36 c	14.71±0.63 e	11.12±0.17 bc	1.45±0.09 d		0.63±0.03 c		1.39±0.01 e		1.33±0.06 e
DYF	26.82±0.73 a	18.45±0.70 a	22.23±0.56 b	13.88±1.30 a	1.68±0.10 a		0.75±0.04 b		1.46±0.02 d		1.64±0.14 d
F	67.135^**	64.320^**	106.254^**	17.718^**	56.217^**		36.046^**		917.780^**		124.256^**

优株 superior tree	主要营养成分/%main nutrient components			IC50/ (mg·mL^-1)	过氧化值/ (mmol·kg^-1) peroxide value	酸价/(mg·g^-1) acid value
优株 superior tree	粗脂肪 crude fat	粗蛋白质 crude protein	总糖 total sugar	IC50/ (mg·mL^-1)	过氧化值/ (mmol·kg^-1) peroxide value	酸价/(mg·g^-1) acid value
ZJXF	39.72±0.72 cd	13.39±0.57 a	4.15±0.17 c	1.11±0.11 d	4.15±0.17 a	0.34±0.17 b
ZJYH	55.51±0.41 a	14.69±0.75 a	0.70±0.07 f	5.67±0.23 b	0.70±0.07 d	0.66±0.07 a
GCMF	36.20±1.34 e	6.67±0.23 e	2.92±0.22 d	1.25±0.05 d	0.08±0.01 e	0.13±0.22 c
MF	42.68±0.55 b	10.13±0.26 d	6.84±0.43 a	32.91±0.78 a	0.08±0.01 e	0.08±0.43 d
HSF	38.45±1.39 d	9.94±0.45 d	4.96±0.21 b	1.58±0.05 d	2.27±0.05 b	0.09±0.21 d
YLX	40.87±2.41 bc	11.42±0.44 c	1.18±0.02 e	2.70±0.11 c	1.18±0.02 c	0.13±0.02 c
DYF	43.10±0.95 b	10.13±0.25 d	2.88±0.25 d	2.81±0.09 c	2.20±0.15 b	0.15±0.25 c
F	72.561^**	98.159^**	264.210^**	4 046.176^**	769.129^**	936.744^**

优株superior tree	全磷质量分数/% TP mass concentration	全钾质量分数/% TK mass concentration	锌含量/(mg·kg^-1) content of Zn	铁含量/(mg·kg^-1) content of Fe	锰含量/(mg·kg^-1) content of Mn
ZJXF	0.30±0.02 a	0.99±0.02 d	30.66±0.40 c	45.35±0.69 b	65.72±1.16 a
ZJYH	0.27±0.01 bc	1.20±0.05 b	27.58±0.49 d	31.82±0.91 d	12.31±0.56 c
GCMF	0.26±0.01 d	1.09±0.11 c	26.75±0.27 d	58.74±0.73 a	12.03±0.40 c
MF	0.25±0.01 d	1.39±0.03 a	19.20±0.68 e	31.75±0.87 d	8.89±0.19 d
HSF	0.28±0.01 b	1.24±0.01 b	27.41±0.84 d	40.95±1.12 c	12.00±0.34 c
YLX	0.27±0.01 bc	0.77±0.03 e	42.63±0.47 a	29.08±1.21 e	17.51±1.47 b
DYF	0.27±0.00 bc	1.27±0.01 b	36.28±0.44 b	22.95±1.06 f	11.60±0.63 c
F	8.833^**	56.052^**	581.033^**	477.298^**	1 927.521^**

优株 superior tree		PA		SA		OA		LA		LIA		AA		EA		S10S13EA		S11S13EA		AUA
ZJXF		8.64±0.05 b		2.71±0.15 b		25.20±0.14 b		47.33±0.55 b		0.51±0.05 c		0.16±0.01 b		0.52±0.04 c		0.70±0.07 bc		2.00±0.18 de		12.26±0.22 de
ZJYH		7.74±0.02 e		2.88±0.21 b		35.97±0.22 a		41.04±0.83 c		0.38±0.04 d		0.13±0.01 d		0.59±0.02 bc		0.75±0.06 abc		1.79±0.18 e		8.55±0.19 f
GCMF		9.57±0.07 a		2.76±0.15 b		20.03±0.09 f		48.18±1.08 b		0.67±0.05 ab		0.15±0.01 bc		0.62±0.04 b		0.81±0.04 a		2.73±0.18 c		13.93±0.02 a
MF		7.41±0.01 f		2.39±0.14 c		20.53±0.1 f		50.49±1.14 a		0.72±0.06 a		0.12±0.01 d		0.73±0.06 a		0.80±0.07 ab		3.09±0.19 b		13.14±0.03 b
HSF		7.82±0.01 d		3.34±0.21 a		22.13±0.03 d		49.81±1.21 a		0.70±0.02 ab		0.18±0.01 a		0.61±0.03 b		0.82±0.07 a		2.27±0.20 d		12.00±0.04 e
YLX		7.42±0.02 f		2.25±0.12 c		23.61±0.26 c		48.06±0.65 b		0.52±0.05 c		0.13±0.01 d		0.71±0.08 a		0.73±0.05 abc		3.60±0.15 a		12.57±0.01 cd
DYF		8.08±0.04 c		2.16±0.03 c		21.36±0.78 e		49.75±0.41 a		0.62±0.05 b		0.14±0.02 cd		0.72±0.06 a		0.69±0.02 c		3.62±0.21 a		12.97±0.71 bc
F	1 457.977^**		22.110^**		854.787^**		39.236^**		21.942^**		12.825^**		8.271^*		2.707		49.147^**		106.790^**

指标index
SND	-0.064	1
SKLD	0.960^**	-0.244	1
KD	0.048	0.821^*	-0.03	1
KQ	0.477	0.516	0.485	0.669	1
SST	0.024	0.292	-0.033	0.006	0.293	1
NSI	0.704	-0.751	0.818^*	-0.517	-0.011	-0.194	1
KSI	0.770^*	-0.646	0.839^*	-0.567	0.013	-0.034	0.957^**

Studies on the phenotypic traits and quality characteristics of seven superior tree nuts of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’

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指标index	CF	CP	TS	IC50	POV	AV	TP	TK	Zn	Fe	Mn
CP	0.728	1
TS	-0.454	-0.335	1
IC50	0.152	-0.050	0.633	1
POV	-0.204	0.402	0.079	-0.480	1
AV	0.830^*	0.786^*	-0.556	-0.206	0.093	1
TP	-0.107	0.498	-0.127	-0.631	0.937^**	0.299	1
TK	0.236	-0.160	0.573	0.563	-0.244	-0.041	-0.409	1
Zn	-0.074	0.159	-0.661	-0.628	0.333	-0.045	0.340	-0.742	1
Fe	-0.529	-0.444	0.147	-0.276	-0.014	-0.087	0.154	-0.165	-0.358	1
Mn	-0.193	0.440	0.069	-0.291	0.802^*	0.243	0.831^*	-0.425	0.143	0.281	1

指标index	SNLD	SND	SKLD	KD	KQ	SST	NSI	KSI
CF	0.595	-0.423	0.737	-0.110	0.477	0.258	0.728	0.656
CP	0.518	-0.654	0.586	-0.369	-0.117	-0.023	0.812^*	0.701
TS	-0.174	0.250	-0.302	-0.223	-0.337	0.547	-0.334	-0.111
IC50	-0.048	0.043	-0.091	-0.369	0.026	0.903^**	-0.084	0.117
POV	0.315	-0.061	0.190	0.033	-0.399	-0.418	0.224	0.182
AV	0.661	-0.700	0.819^*	-0.338	0.169	-0.242	0.955^**	0.853^*
TP	0.261	-0.339	0.221	-0.123	-0.493	-0.632	0.395	0.287
TK	0.353	0.328	0.339	0.156	0.466	0.681	0.007	0.190
Zn	-0.101	0.184	-0.159	0.469	0.064	-0.451	-0.183	-0.375
Fe	-0.26	-0.264	-0.201	-0.384	-0.458	-0.58	-0.005	0.033
Mn	0.297	-0.421	0.200	-0.478	-0.633	-0.487	0.448	0.456

指标 index	主成分principal component
指标 index	1	2	3	4
种核纵径seed nucleus longitudinal diameter	0.686	-0.366	-0.072	0.585
种核横径seed nucleus transverse diameter	-0.697	-0.403	-0.334	0.469
种仁纵径seed kernel longitudinal diameter	0.815	-0.334	0.038	0.455
种仁横径seed kernel transverse diameter	-0.331	-0.480	-0.558	0.293
种仁质量seed kernel mass	0.049	-0.811	-0.076	0.347
种壳厚度seed shell thickness	-0.331	-0.593	0.632	0.096
核形指数nuclear shape index	0.962	0.015	0.187	0.035
仁形指数kernel shape index	0.856	-0.001	0.318	0.225
粗脂肪crude fat	0.735	-0.589	0.288	-0.141
粗蛋白质crude protein	0.832	-0.169	0.015	-0.254
总糖total sugar	-0.490	0.264	0.516	0.442
IC50	-0.305	-0.329	0.789	0.028
过氧化值peroxide value	0.316	0.368	-0.546	0.288
酸价acid value	0.973	-0.123	0.104	-0.075
TP	0.505	0.517	-0.516	0.102
TK	-0.079	-0.320	0.613	0.664
Zn	0.002	-0.206	-0.884	-0.413
Fe	-0.057	0.845	0.092	0.159
Mn	0.413	0.553	-0.321	0.122
棕榈酸palmitic acid	0.009	0.543	-0.252	0.457
硬脂酸stearic acid	0.313	0.635	0.352	0.019
油酸oleic acid	0.926	-0.226	0.117	-0.228
亚油酸linoleic acid	-0.851	0.011	-0.214	0.323
亚麻酸linolenic acid	-0.718	0.469	0.510	0.061
花生酸arachidic acid	0.107	0.910	0.126	0.050
二十碳一烯酸eicosaenoic acid	-0.676	-0.426	0.239	-0.518
顺-10,顺-13-二十碳二烯酸cis-10, cis-13-eicosadienoic acid	-0.074	0.591	0.686	-0.370
顺-11,顺-13-二十碳二烯酸cis-11, cis-13-eicosadienoic acid	-0.789	-0.448	-0.258	-0.246
金松酸auropic acid	-0.836	0.345	-0.136	0.162
特征根eigenvalue	10.540	6.431	4.923	2.931
累计贡献率/% cumulative contribution rate	36.344	58.521	75.498	85.604