Effects of Pinus massoniana plantation age on soil physical and chemical properties in Karst areas in southwest China

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202210019

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 99-107.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202210019

Special Issue: 土壤生态修复理论与技术研究

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Effects of Pinus massoniana plantation age on soil physical and chemical properties in Karst areas in southwest China

WU Yan(), HUANG Qing, LIU Xun^*(), ZHENG Rui, CEN Jiabao, DING Bo, ZHANG Yunlin, FU Yuhong

School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Management on Forest Fire in Higher Education Institutions of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550018, China

Received:2022-10-14 Revised:2023-03-31 Online:2024-05-30 Published:2024-06-14

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of soil physical and chemical properties of Pinus massoniana plantations of different ages in Karst areas in southwest China, as well as comprehensively analyze the effects of topographic factors, stand characteristics and plant diversity on soil properties to provide reference for environmental management in degraded Karst areas.【Method】 In the present study, 11 P. massoniana plantations at three different ages, namely, middle-aged plantation, near-mature plantation, and over-aged plantation, were selected in Fenggang County, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. The area of the plots was 25.82 m × 25.82 m. The species name, height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of the tree layer were investigated, and the altitude, position, slope and species composition of each plot were recorded. Five 2 m × 2 m shrub quadrats were set up in the southwest, northwest, northeast, southeast and middle areas of each plot to investigate the species name and number of plants in the shrub layer. A 1 m × 1 m herb quadrat was set up in each shrub quadrat to investigate the species name and coverage of herbs. The changes of soil physical and chemical properties were quantified, and the influencing factors were analyzed.【Result】 There were no significant differences in soil bulk density, porosity, water content, organic carbon content and total phosphorus content among the different age groups of the P. massoniana plantations (P>0.05). The total nitrogen content increased initially and then decreased with the increase in plantation age in the 0-20 cm soil layer, and the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content decreased gradually with the increase of plantation age in the 20-40 cm soil layer. Moreover, the available phosphorus content decreased initially and then increased with the increase in plantation age in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the soil bulk density, porosity, and water content between the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers within the same age group (P>0.05). The soil organic carbon content of the three age groups, the total nitrogen content and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of the near-mature and over-aged plantations, and the total phosphorus and available phosphorus content of the over-aged plantation were significantly different between the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers (P<0.05). These contents decreased with the deepening of soil layer. Correlation analysis showed that topographic factors, stand characteristics, and plant diversity were the factors affecting soil physical properties and nutrient changes in the P. massoniana plantations. Stepwise regression analysis showed that stand density and plant diversity were the main factors affecting soil physical properties, while topographic factors, stand characteristics, and plant diversity were the factors affecting soil nutrients. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that stand characteristics, plant diversity, and topographic factors explained 36.60%, 27.00% and 10.30% of the variation in the soil physicochemical properties, respectively.【Conclusion】 The plantation age has a significant impact on the soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents of P. massoniana plantations, suggesting that nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer should be added appropriately with the growth and development to maintain the productivity and sustainable development of P. massoniana plantations. Changes in the plantation age has no significant effect on soil physical properties, while the stand density and tree height are the main factors affecting the soil physical and chemical properties in P. massoniana plantations.

Key words: Karst, Pinus massoniana plantation, soil physical and chemical properties, soil nutrient, topographic factors, stand characteristics, plant diversity

CLC Number:

S718.5
S714

WU Yan, HUANG Qing, LIU Xun, ZHENG Rui, CEN Jiabao, DING Bo, ZHANG Yunlin, FU Yuhong. Effects of Pinus massoniana plantation age on soil physical and chemical properties in Karst areas in southwest China[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(3): 99-107.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

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龄组 age group	样地号 plot No.	林龄/a age of stand	海拔/m altitude	坡向 aspect	坡位 slope position	坡度/ (°) slope	郁闭度 canopy density	胸径/cm DBH	树高/m tree height	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) stand density
中龄林 middle-aged plantation	样地1	20	883	西坡	上坡	23	0.90	11.34	9.08	2 730
	样地2	20	883	西坡	上坡	23	0.90	11.34	9.08	2 730
	样地3	14	779	西北坡	中坡	18	0.70	14.23	16.45	1 455
近熟林 near-mature plantation	样地4	26	786	西坡	中坡	12	0.85	11.81	11.39	1 620
	样地5	26	770	西坡	中坡	5	0.60	16.04	13.55	1 290
	样地6	27	678	南坡	上坡	7	0.75	14.95	12.71	1 275
	样地7	26	797	西坡	中上坡	16	0.56	14.81	14.54	1 620
	样地8	28	786	南坡	中坡	18	0.70	21.81	14.13	1 109
过成熟林 over-aged plantation	样地9	31	912	南坡	上坡	15	0.75	15.80	16.99	1 800
	样地10	32	894	南坡	上坡	13	0.67	16.53	19.87	1 590
	样地11	70	960	南坡	中坡	11	0.70	25.72	16.63	720

龄组 age group	土层/cm soil layer	容重/(g·cm^-3) bulk density	孔隙度/% porosity	含水量/% moisture content
中龄林 middle-aged plantation	[0,20)	1.08±0.12 Aa	59.10±0.05 Aa	38.22±0.13 Aa
中龄林 middle-aged plantation	[20,40)	1.15±0.08 Aa	56.50±0.03 Aa	28.86±0.05 Aa
近熟林 near-mature plantation	[0,20)	1.21±0.07 Aa	54.27±0.03 Aa	20.71±0.03 Aa
近熟林 near-mature plantation	[20,40)	1.19±0.06 Aa	54.98±0.02 Aa	21.61±0.02 Aa
过成熟林 over-aged plantation	[0,20)	1.05±0.14 Aa	60.37±0.05 Aa	36.51±0.09 Aa
过成熟林 over-aged plantation	[20,40)	1.12±0.12 Aa	57.78±0.05 Aa	28.53±0.02 Aa

项目 item	影响因子 impact factor	容重 bulk density	孔隙度 porosity	含水量 moisture content	有机碳含量 organic carbon content	全氮含量 total nitrogen content	碱解氮含量 alkaline nitrogen content	全磷含量 total phosphorus content	速效磷含量 available phosphorus content
地形因子 terrain factors	海拔	-0.274^*	0.274^*	0.536^**	-0.104	-0.034	-0.052	0.142	0.324^**
地形因子 terrain factors	坡度	0.123	-0.123	0.216	-0.278^*	-0.369^**	-0.286^*	0.081	0.139
林分特征 stand characteristics	郁闭度	-0.388^**	0.388^**	0.225	-0.222	-0.024	-0.253^*	0.511^**	0.257^*
	胸径	-0.049	0.049	-0.168	0.456^**	0.440^**	0.407^**	-0.394^**	0.225
	树高	0.144	-0.144	-0.067	0.073	-0.144	0.011	-0.242^*	-0.107
	林分密度	-0.132	0.132	0.521^**	-0.420^**	-0.350^**	-0.359^**	0.408^**	0.051
植物多样性 plant diversity	H₁	0.113	-0.113	-0.081	0.077	0.09	-0.171	0.154	-0.316^**
	J₁	0.159	-0.159	-0.044	0.071	0.083	-0.078	-0.304^**	-0.148
	D₁	-0.152	0.152	0.043	-0.053	-0.034	0.184	-0.011	0.271^*
	S₁	0.048	-0.048	-0.122	0.119	0.091	-0.093	0.463^*	-0.334^**
	H₂	-0.262^*	0.262^*	0.204	-0.157	-0.071	-0.087	0.455^**	-0.162
	J₂	-0.272^*	0.272^*	0.283^*	-0.225	-0.235^*	-0.131	0.284^*	-0.136
	D₂	0.238^*	-0.238^*	-0.19	0.111	0.06	0.088	-0.404^**	0.286^*
	S₂	0.007	-0.007	-0.03	-0.036	0.08	-0.013	0.326^**	-0.295^*

土壤理化指标 soil physical and chemical indice	回归方程 regression equation	R²	P
容重 bulk density	y=3.46-0.95 J₂-1.65 x₃-0.04 x₄+0.16 S₂-0.19 S₁	0.781	<0.01
孔隙度 porosity	y=-0.30+0.36 J₂+0.62 x₃+0.02 x₄-0.06 S₂+0.07 S₁	0.781	<0.01
含水量 moisture content	y=-0.23+0.03 x₄-1.27 D₂-0.04 S₂	0.638	<0.01
有机碳含量 organic carbon content	y=9.96+0.78 x₄-0.53 x₅-0.16 x₂	0.341	<0.01
全氮含量 total nitrogen content	y=1.10-0.11 x₅+0.08 x₄+0.26 S₂-0.78 x₃-0.01 x₂	0.753	<0.01
碱解氮含量 alkaline nitrogen content	y=-18.83+25.87 x₄+0.14 x₆-0.66 x₁+155.07 D₁-159.46 x₃+24.14 S₂-170.05 D₂	0.663	<0.01
全磷含量 total phosphorus content	y=-0.25+1.01 x₃-1.80 D₂+0.17 S₁+0.01 x₂-0.07 S₂+0.01 x₄	0.889	<0.01
速效磷含量 available phosphorus content	y=4.52-1.10 S₁	0.112	<0.01

Effects of Pinus massoniana plantation age on soil physical and chemical properties in Karst areas in southwest China

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