Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and physiological characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolium under salt stress

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202207008

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 168-176.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202207008

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Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and physiological characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolium under salt stress

ZONG Jianwei(), LI Cheng, ZHANG Jing, YANG Yuhua

College of Art,Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Zhengzhou 450046, China

Received:2022-07-18 Revised:2023-04-11 Online:2024-07-30 Published:2024-08-05

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】An investigation on the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on the growth, physiological metabolism, and salt tolerance of Xanthoceras sorbifolium under salt stress was conducted.【Method】In this study, Funneliformis mosseae was used to infect seedlings and the pot experiment was carried out using one-year-old X. sorbifolium seedlings. We applied different concentrations of NaCl stress (0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 mmol/L). After the stress period, the biomass, colonization characteristics, and physiological indicators of the X. sorbifolium seedlings were measured.【Result】(1)The aboveground and underground biomasses of X. sorbifolium seedlings were enhanced significantly by AM symbiosis upon exposure to salinity. Increasing salinity significantly caused a decrease in the mycorrhizal colonization rate.(2)AM fungi inoculation significantly improved the contents of soluble protein, proline, glutathione(GSH), and ascorbic acid (AsA), and resulted in an increasement in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), yet a reduction in the relative conductivity and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA).(3)Furthermore, two-way analysis of variance(Two-way ANOVA)demonstrated that the duration and concentration were interactively and significantly affecting correlated with the content of MDA, proline, soluble protein, and AsA (P<0.01). Based on principal component analysis(PCA), it was found that the inoculation group had the most profound impact on the physiological characteristics of X. sorbifolium at 320 mmol/L NaCl treatment.【Conclusion】This study found that inoculation with AM fungi may advance osmotic mediation ability, significantly improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of antioxidants, and enhance the salt tolerance of plants and eventually promote the growth of X. sorbifolium seedlings under different salt concentrations.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, salt stress, Xanthoceras sorbifolium, physiological characteristics

CLC Number:

S718.5

ZONG Jianwei, LI Cheng, ZHANG Jing, YANG Yuhua. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and physiological characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolium under salt stress[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(4): 168-176.

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References 42

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处理组 treatment group	处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	地上部分生物量/g aboveground biomass			地下部分生物量/g underground biomass				菌根侵染率/% mycorrhizal infection rate
处理组 treatment group	处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	鲜质量 fresh weight	干质量 dry weight		鲜质量 fresh weight		干质量 dry weight		菌根侵染率/% mycorrhizal infection rate
未接种 NM	CK	22.267±3.809 a		10.367±1.656 bc		30.000±13.229 ab		16.600±1.947 ab		—
	80	24.000±6.729 a		14.533±1.007 a		31.667±2.887 ab		17.43±3.602 ab		—
	160	26.667±13.605 a		12.367±1.750 ab		37.333±6.807 a		22.600±9.953 a		—
	240	21.433±9.673 a		8.367±2.417 cd		29.000±1.000 ab		14.933±4.130 b		—
	320	17.567±3.625 a		6.233±0.666 d		22.667±2.930 b		9.530±0.912 b		—
接种 AM	CK	25.267±3.868 a		13.533±1.387 a		37.926±2.607 ab		17.967±0.971 ab		46.110±1.904 a
	80	27.400±10.566 a		17.033±2.627 a		45.000±13.229 ab		20.667±4.954 ab		40.108±1.843 b
	160	31.533±10.792 a		15.167±3.707 a		53.333±7.638 a		25.467±10.140 a		36.560±2.833 c
	240	21.133±10.644 a		8.567±3.201 b		33.557±12.633 b		13.100±4.133 b		33.667±2.034 d
	320	18.900±5.118 a		7.167±1.553 b		27.867±2.579 b		10.400±1.114 b		29.781±3.100 e

处理组 treatment group	处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	不同胁迫时间相对电导率 relative conductivity at different stress time			不同胁迫时间丙二醛含量/(mmol·g^-1) MDA content at different stress time
处理组 treatment group	处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	10 d	20 d	30 d	10 d	20 d	30 d
未接种 NM	CK	0.279±0.009 c	0.274±0.029 c	0.327±0.048 c	3.439±0.122 a	2.204±0.320 b	2.327±0.411 a
	80	0.319±0.023 bc	0.323±0.017 bc	0.386±0.039 bc	3.724±0.200 a	2.323±0.460 ab	2.386±0.345 a
	160	0.323±0.033 bc	0.373±0.035 b	0.494±0.029 ab	4.705±0.430 a	2.403±0.410 a	2.494±0.206 a
	240	0.359±0.033 b	0.392±0.048 b	0.330±0.045 ab	6.138±0.465 a	2.492±0.313 b	2.530±0.118 a
	320	0.441±0.015 a	0.517±0.039 a	0.558±0.019 a	6.243±0.301 a	2.557±0.204 ab	2.558±0.260 a
接种 AM	CK	0.250±0.018 c	0.295±0.030 b	0.291±0.034 b	2.800±0.120 a	1.295±0.305 b	1.291±0.336 a
	80	0.322±0.010 b	0.319±0.025 b	0.392±0.039 ab	3.200±0.283 a	1.400±0.362 a	1.392±0.205 a
	160	0.331±0.033 b	0.384±0.021 ab	0.480±0.007 ab	3.800±0.361 a	1.558±0.341 b	1.450±0.122 c
	240	0.342±0.004 b	0.353±0.038 b	0.481±0.034 ab	4.100±0.390 a	1.899±0.280 b	1.500±0.120 bc
	320	0.423±0.015 a	0.459±0.007 a	0.523±0.036 a	5.000±0.332 a	2.000±0.350 b	1.600±0.211 ab

处理组 treatment group	处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	不同胁迫时间可溶性蛋白含量/(mg·g^-1) soluble protein content at different stress time			不同胁迫时间脯氨酸含量/(mg·g^-1) proline content at different stress time
处理组 treatment group	处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	10 d	20 d	30 d	10 d	20 d	30 d
未接种 NM	CK	5.401±0.269 c	5.444±0.350 c	5.652±0.286 a	4.282±0.522 c	3.948±0.752 c	4.998±0.637 c
	80	6.661±0.156 b	6.499±0.255 b	7.527±0.314 a	6.640±1.076 b	7.100±0.670 b	6.439±0.462 b
	160	7.572±0.373 a	6.580±0.330 b	7.328±0.099 a	8.163±0.182 a	9.676±0.291 a	7.841±0.166 a
	240	7.761±0.211 a	7.651±0.332 a	7.608±0.299 a	9.492±0.222 a	8.952±0.256 a	7.303±0.202 ab
	320	8.347±0.255 a	7.337±0.462 ab	6.265±0.134 a	8.743±0.099 a	8.493±0.331 a	6.599±0.245 b
接种 AM	CK	5.788±0.100 c	5.697±0.117 b	7.436±0.311 bc	3.582±0.344 d	4.887±0.457 e	5.551±0.279 c
	80	6.572±0.124 b	7.580±0.269 a	7.067±0.476 c	6.950±0.734 c	6.490±0.109 d	6.124±0.102 c
	160	6.383±0.198 bc	7.923±0.113 a	8.076±0.217 ab	7.291±0.446 bc	7.339±0.214 c	7.454±0.366 b
	240	7.753±0.078 a	7.832±0.275 a	8.346±0.198 a	8.518±0.324 ab	8.246±0.145 b	11.191±0.851 a
	320	7.942±0.509 a	8.255±0.364 a	8.788±0.104 a	9.387±0.598 a	9.775±0.142 a	10.432±0.191 a

处理组 treatment group	处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	不同胁迫时间超氧化物歧化酶活性/(μmol·min^-1·g^-1) SOD activity at different stress time			不同胁迫时间过氧化物酶活性/(μmol·min^-1·g^-1) POD activity at different stress time
处理组 treatment group	处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	10 d	20 d	30 d	10 d	20 d	30 d
未接种 NM	CK	57.894±4.844 c	65.086±4.714 d	43.723±3.336 e	3 590.277±366.980 b	4 327.591±212.824 b	2 770.533±204.939 b
	80	118.063±6.447 b	112.308±9.869 b	93.495±3.772 b	5 182.393±147.280 a	6 128.697±104.689 a	4 281.866±221.022 a
	160	140.125±6.304 a	153.007±3.853 a	129.495±4.022 a	3 232.707±231.156 bc	4 863.825±1166.377 ab	2 516.357±272.923 b
	240	101.980±5.336 b	96.358±5.241 bc	83.509±3.449 c	3 137.370±306.966 bc	4 549.806±412.243 b	2 668.161±311.280 b
	320	93.136±6.852 b	86.930±7.663 c	72.923±2.989 d	2 543.643±323.736 c	3 729.770±234.730 b	2 461.493±412.745 b
接种 AM	CK	76.580±2.911 e	84.327±4.565 e	61.511±1.013 e	3 352.050±256.806 d	4 608.813±298.373 c	3 652.570±267.773 d
	80	119.100±6.597 d	132.356±6.980 d	105.011±3.459 d	4 066.270±187.425 c	5 264.917±260.797 b	4 577.660±225.797 c
	160	151.754±1.551 c	164.667±4.337 c	134.492±3.897 c	4 260.917±78.471 bc	5 405.603±287.098 b	4 898.276±128.219 bc
	240	210.821±3.759 a	219.985±3.914 a	193.613±2.981 a	4 636.910±71.334 b	5 669.860±97.288 b	5 403.367±305.685 b
	320	181.50±6.211 b	190.404±4.115 b	164.299±3.540 b	5 611.753±108.206 a	6 592.995±151.271 a	6 360.720±196.715 a

处理组 group	处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	不同胁迫时间还原型谷胱甘肽含量/(μmol·g^-1) GSH content at different stress time			不同胁迫时间还原型抗坏血酸含量/(μmol·g^-1) AsA content at different stress time
处理组 group	处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	10 d	20 d	30 d	10 d	20 d	30 d
未接种 NM	CK	0.266±0.032 b	0.267±0.041 b	0.263±0.042 d	0.045±0.002 a	0.048±0.001 a	0.047±0.004 b
	80	0.339±0.048 ab	0.373±0.024 ab	0.333±0.024 c	0.046±0.002 a	0.056±0.003 a	0.061±0.005 ab
	160	0.502±0.049 ab	0.590±0.050 a	0.564±0.018 a	0.051±0.003 a	0.057±0.007 a	0.076±0.002 a
	240	0.626±0.052 a	0.603±0.049 a	0.536±0.014 ab	0.049±0.001 a	0.055±0.005 a	0.083±0.007 a
	320	0.586±0.041 a	0.473±0.045 ab	0.476±0.015 b	0.048±0.002 a	0.052±0.003 a	0.087±0.001 a
接种 AM	CK	0.372±0.004 b	0.373±0.005 c	0.325±0.048 c	0.048±0.001 b	0.048±0.002 b	0.065±0.003 b
	80	0.342±0.053 b	0.340±0.043 c	0.329±0.021 c	0.047±0.002 b	0.055±0.002 b	0.066±0.003 b
	160	0.715±0.060 a	0.750±0.060 b	0.838±0.010 b	0.053±0.001 a	0.058±0.003 ab	0.073±0.006 b
	240	0.755±0.039 a	0.887±0.048 ab	0.927±0.024 a	0.055±0.000 a	0.052±0.009 b	0.094±0.009 a
	320	0.882±0.041 a	0.947±0.024 a	0.948±0.006 a	0.053±0.001 a	0.069±0.001 a	0.097±0.003 a

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and physiological characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolium under salt stress

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处理组 treatment group	因子 factors	相对电导率 relative conductivity	丙二醛含量 MDA content	可溶性蛋白含量 soluble protein content	脯氨酸含量 proline content	超氧化物歧化酶活性 SOD activity	过氧化物酶活性 POD activity	还原型谷胱甘肽含量 GSH content	还原型抗坏血酸含量 AsA content
	时间 time	27.248^**	427.374^**	NS	14.081^**	46.783^**	74.378^**	NS	48.702^**
未接种NM	浓度 concentration	30.525^**	19.875^**	21.778^**	91.316^**	281.493^**	40.314^**	22.135^**	10.067^**
	时间×浓度 time×concentration	NS	5.626^**	3.699^**	6.455^**	NS	NS	NS	4.949^**
	时间 time	14.980^**	6.987^**	40.850^**	16.248^**	145.361^**	106.421^**	3.617^*	1 160.496^**
接种AM	浓度 concentration	16.915^**	7.824^**	54.837^**	153.945^**	1 320.891^**	146.065^**	171.684^**	20.168^**
	时间×浓度 time×concentration	NS	3.772^**	7.185^**	7.752^**	NS	NS	NS	6.802^**

指标 index	PC1	PC2
相对电导率 relative conductivity	0.304	-0.134
丙二醛含量 MDA content	0.362	-0.233
可溶性蛋白含量 soluble protein content	0.119	0.122
脯氨酸含量 proline content	0.161	0.071
超氧化物歧化酶活性 SOD activity	-0.076	0.306
过氧化物酶活性 POD activity	-0.253	0.418
还原型谷胱甘肽含量 GSH content	0.046	0.191
还原型抗坏血酸含量 AsA content	0.125	0.117
特征值 eigen value	4.021	3.437
方差贡献率/% variance contribution rate	50.266	42.959
累计贡献率/% cumulative contribution rate	50.266	93.225

处理/ (mmol·L^-1) treatment	PC1 (F1)	PC2 (F2)	综合得分 overall ratings	综合得分排名 overall score ranking
AM+ NaCl320	0.594	1.673	101.727	1
AM	-1.208	-0.492	81.840	2
AM+NaCl240	0.170	1.438	70.307	3
AM+NaCl160	0.076	0.557	27.771	4
NaCl240	1.072	-0.679	24.736	5
NaCl320	1.667	-1.405	23.408	6
NaCl160	0.456	-0.222	13.363	7
AM+NaCl80	-0.571	-0.018	-29.457	8
NaCl80	-0.858	0.178	-35.444	9
CK	-1.398	-1.031	-114.571	10

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