Comprehensive effect of understory medicinal herb cultivation on individual volume growth in near-mature, mature and overmature Cunninghamia lanceolata forests

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202312027

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 48-56.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202312027

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Comprehensive effect of understory medicinal herb cultivation on individual volume growth in near-mature, mature and overmature Cunninghamia lanceolata forests

YE Limin¹(), XU Yuanke¹, ZHOU Yizhi¹, CHEN Zhenglu¹, WANG Yixiang², GE Hongli²^,^*()

1. Jingning She Autonomous County Ecological Forestry Development Center, Jingning 323500, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2023-12-07 Revised:2024-04-16 Online:2024-09-30 Published:2024-10-03
Contact: GE Hongli E-mail:191953314@qq.com;honglige@zafu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In the past, the understory planting was primarily conducted in young to middle-aged forests. However, with the advancement of public welfare forest development and the promotion of large-diameter timber cultivation, the issue of understory planting in mature stands has become an urgent research topic. This study aims to investigate the comprehensive effects of understory medicinal herb cultivation activities, including related shrubs cleaning up, land preparation, fertilization, routine care, and the growth of herbs, on the individual tree volume growth in mature Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests. 【Method】 A total of 10 plots with understory planting of medicinal herbs and 10 plots without understory planting were established in mature Chinese fir plantations within Daji Forest Farm and Caoyu Pond Forest Farm, Jingning She Autonomous County, located in the southwestern part of Zhejiang Province. The medicinal herbs have been growing for a period of three years. One average tree from each plot was selected for wood analysis. The impact analysis of understory planting was conducted using a widely adaptable linear modeling approach, considering the annual growth measurements of volume, diameter, and height over the past three years. 【Result】 Under the simultaneous consideration of factors such as age, diameter at breast height, tree height, density, and site index, understory planting of medicinal herbs showed a significant promotional effect on individual tree volume growth. 【Conclusion】 With appropriate measures, understory planting can still significantly promote the volume growth of mature Chinese fir trees. However, this promotion is constrained by the age of the tree. The linear modeling approach is particularly suitable for analyzing data in situations where complexity exists and strict experimental control is not feasible. This method offers flexibility and provides reliable results. In small sample cases when using this method, it is necessary to perform a series of checks on the data to determine if the conditions are met in the course of modelling. Application of remedial measures to data that do not meet requirements.

Key words: understory planting, near-mature mature and overmature stands, Cunninghamia lanceolata, large caliber lumber, annual growth rate, linear model

CLC Number:

S759

YE Limin, XU Yuanke, ZHOU Yizhi, CHEN Zhenglu, WANG Yixiang, GE Hongli. Comprehensive effect of understory medicinal herb cultivation on individual volume growth in near-mature, mature and overmature Cunninghamia lanceolata forests[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(5): 48-56.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 2

Table 4

Statistical test results of Strictly exogenous"

回归模型 model	显著性指标 significance indicator	U	$A 2'$	D₂	H₂	林分密度指数SDI	地位指数 SI
一元线性回归 linear	F	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	P	0.999	0.999	1.000	0.999	0.999	0.998
一元二次多项式 quadratic polynomial	F	0.00	0.83	0.02	0.22	0.30	0.06
	P	0.999	0.455	0.983	0.807	0.749	0.946

Table 4

Table 5

Result of the 5 best models and the full subset model based on AIC"

模型 model	指标 indicator	a₀/常数 a₀/constant	a₁/U	a₂/ $A 2'$	a₃/D₂	a₄/ H₂	a₅/I_SDI	a₆/I_SI	AIC	F	P	R²
1	参数	-0.087 03	0.011 89	0.003 43				0.002 94	-221.2	43.26	<0.001	0.870
	P₀	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001				<0.001
2	参数	-0.086 05	0.012 33	0.003 33			4.8×10^-7	0.002 67	-220.2	32.05	<0.001	0.867
	P₀	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001			0.410	<0.001
3	参数	-0.091 96	0.012 59	0.003 62		-<0.001 43	7.8×10^-7	0.003 00	-219.6	25.95	<0.001	0.868
	P₀	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		0.322	0.244	<0.001
4	参数	-0.090 13	0.011 89	0.003 60		-<0.001 20		0.003 17	-219.6	31.08	<0.001	0.864
	P₀	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		0.598		<0.001
5	参数	-0.088 97	0.012 02	0.003 56	-<0.001 08			0.003 02	-219.4	30.74	<0.001	0.862
	P₀	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	0.711			<0.001
全集模型 full set model	参数	-0.092 01	0.012 49	0.003 61	<0.001 05	-<0.001 52	7.6×10^-7	0.003 05	-217.6	20.09	<0.001	0.858
	P₀	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.935	0.664	0.286	0.006

Table 5

Fig. 3

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林下种植 understory planting type	统计项 statistical item	平均胸径/cm mean DBH	平均树高/m mean height	公顷蓄积/ (m³·hm^-2) hectare accumulation	公顷株数/ (株·hm^-2) number of trees per hectare	郁闭度 closure	海拔/m altitude	地位指数 SI	林木年龄/a tree age	林分密度指数 SDI
yes	最小值	10.4	7.9	69	465	0.70	1 012	11.2	19	83 175
	最大值	34.6	20.9	366	2 385	0.87	1 186	16.4	55	163 815
	均值	25.1	15.3	237	861	0.79	1 092	13.9	35.8	122 850
	中位数	26.5	16.4	246	720	0.80	1 091	13.4	33	128 280
	标准差	7.6	4.0	102	568	0.05	61	1.89	13.2	22 305
	变异系数/%	30.30	26.31	43.04	65.97	6.33	5.59	13.60	36.87	18.16
no	最小值	15.4	11.1	99	555	0.72	955	11.8	25	91 905
	最大值	35.6	20.7	488	1 155	0.89	1 286	17.7	52	198 585
	均值	25.1	16.1	283	867	0.80	1 153	14.5	39.0	143 835
	中位数	24.2	16.4	265	908	0.81	1 163	14.4	40.5	144 285
	标准差	6.1	3.4	129	195	0.07	115	1.96	11.6	32 055
	变异系数/%	24.47	21.23	45.58	22.49	8.70	9.97	13.52	29.74	22.29

解析木号 analytic tree No.	林下种植 understory planting	Δv/m³	A/a	A₂/a	D/cm	D₂/cm	H/m	H₂/m	林分密度指数 SDI	地位指数 SI
1	yes	0.0189 98	52	49	23.1	21.6	17.2	15.8	132 090	12.5
2	yes	0.037 736	30	27	21.4	17.7	15.6	14.2	127 785	15.2
3	yes	0.026 892	34	31	22.5	19.8	14.6	13.4	138 645	13.2
4	yes	0.031 871	33	30	23.1	21.1	18.6	16.4	106 050	16.4
11	yes	0.029 205	33	30	25.4	23.8	18.3	15.9	163 815	15.9
12	yes	0.011 453	23	20	14.2	12.2	12.3	10.4	106 740	13.4
13	yes	0.009 932	25	22	16.5	14.9	10.5	9.2	83 175	11.2
15	yes	0.001 253	19	16	8.9	8.4	7.9	7.5	100 965	11.5
17	yes	0.028 642	54	51	31.1	29.9	20.9	20.4	140 490	16.1
18	yes	0.018 211	55	52	29.1	27.9	17.3	16.9	128 775	13.3
5	no	0.016 662	52	49	26.2	25.3	20.5	20.0	198 585	16.2
6	no	0.014 700	49	46	22.7	22.0	15.5	14.5	168 675	12.4
7	no	0.027 756	29	26	21.5	18.5	17.4	15.8	172 170	17.7
8	no	0.012 312	27	24	18.5	16.7	13.2	12.4	141 915	14.0
9	no	0.015 134	33	30	20.4	19.1	16.2	15.6	128 490	15.4
10	no	0.003 651	25	22	12.7	12.0	11.3	10.5	919 20	12.6
14	no	0.011 870	48	45	20.7	19.7	16.6	15.5	115 185	13.4
16	no	0.003 665	27	24	14.8	14.3	11.1	10.6	105 675	11.8
19	no	0.012 303	50	47	25.7	24.9	18.6	18.2	146 670	14.8
20	no	0.020 485	50	47	27.9	27.0	20.7	20.0	169 095	16.5
平均 mean		0.017 670	37	34.4	21.3	19.8	15.7	14.7	133 346	14.2

回归模型 model	显著性指标 significance indicator	U	A₂	D₂	H₂	林分密度指数 SDI	地位指数 SI
一元线性回归 linear	F	3.15	1.12	7.26	8.21	3.55	16.51
	P	0.093	0.305	0.015	0.009	0.076	0.001
一元二次多项式 quadratic polynomial	F		4.26	5.26	6.40	3.31	8.11
	P		0.032	0.017	0.008	0.061	0.003

Comprehensive effect of understory medicinal herb cultivation on individual volume growth in near-mature, mature and overmature Cunninghamia lanceolata forests

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