Effect of variations in fertilization formula on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of young Sapindus saponaria

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303013

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 23-33.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303013

Effect of variations in fertilization formula on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of young Sapindus saponaria

LIU Juntao¹^,²(), JIA Liming¹^,^*(), YAN Xiaoli³, ZHANG Weihua², CAI Wanting¹, ZHONG Jing¹, WANG Lixian¹, CAO Qiuli¹, ZHAO Pengli¹, CHEN Yiyong¹, YU Jiaxin¹, CHEN Na¹, WENG Xuehuang⁴

1. National Energy R & D Center for Non-Food Biomass, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education,School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
3. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
4. Fujian Yuanhua Forestry Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jianning 354500, China

Received:2023-03-10 Revised:2024-08-10 Online:2024-11-30 Published:2024-12-10
Contact: JIA Liming E-mail:1010350582@qq.com;jlm@bjfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The study aimed to explore the effects of the combined application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ of Sapindus saponaria, and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization of disease-free clones.【Method】Using the S. saponaria ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ as the experimental materials, the “3414” field experimental method was used to study the effects of different N, P, and K fertilization regimes on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the S. saponaria.【Result】The tree heights of the offspring of S. saponaria were greatest following treatment with N₂P₁K₂ and N₂P₂K₃, being 28.42% and 39.14% higher, respectively, than that of the control, and the differences were found to be significant (P < 0.05). The ground diameter was largest following treatment with N₁P₂K₁ and N₂P₃K₂, and increased by 16.11% and 32.93%, respectively, compared to that of the control (N₀P₀K₀). The tree heights and ground diameters of the ‘Yuanhua’ were in the following order: P > N > K, under different fertilization treatments, while those of the ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ were in the order: N > K > P. The net photosynthetic rate of the ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ was highest following treatment with N₂P₂K₂ under different fertilization regimes, and increased significantly by 42.19% and 53.01%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, rate of transpiration, and foliar water use efficiency of the treatment groups improved significantly; however, the stomatal conductance of the ‘Yuanhua’ did not alter significantly, and the stomatal conductance of the ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ differed significantly, The quantity of N fertilizer applied exhibited a significant positive correlation with the tree heights and ground diameters of ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ trees. The growth and photosynthetic indicators of the ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ under different fertilization regimes were comprehensively evaluated using the entropy weighted TOPSIS method. The findings revealed that N₂P₁K₂ and N₁P₂K₂ were superior for the fertilization of ‘Yuanhua’ trees, while N₁P₁K₂ and N₂P₂K₂ were superior for the fertilization of the ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’.【Conclusion】The application of N, P and K at an appropriate ratio can effectively promote the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ trees. The optimal strategy for the application of N, P, and K fertilizers is that the quantities of N, P and K should be 115.26, 64.14 and 44.37 kg/hm², respectively, for the ‘Yuanhua’, and 117.90, 87.65 and 36.11 kg/hm², respectively, for ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ trees.

Key words: Sapindus saponaria, N, P and K formula fertilization, photosynthesis, entropy weight-TOPSIS method

CLC Number:

S718
Q89

LIU Juntao, JIA Liming, YAN Xiaoli, ZHANG Weihua, CAI Wanting, ZHONG Jing, WANG Lixian, CAO Qiuli, ZHAO Pengli, CHEN Yiyong, YU Jiaxin, CHEN Na, WENG Xuehuang. Effect of variations in fertilization formula on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of young Sapindus saponaria[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(6): 23-33.

Figures/Tables 7

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处理编号 treatment code	树高/cm tree height		地径/mm ground diameter
处理编号 treatment code	‘媛华’ ‘Yuanhua’	‘粤硕菩提’ ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’	‘媛华’ ‘Yuanhua’	‘粤硕菩提’ ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’
N₀P₀K₀	98.40±0.60 c	116.67±2.52 g	30.92±0.90 g	32.07±1.40 e
N₀P₂K₂	107.61±5.05 bc	123.33±4.51 fg	31.37±0.36f g	33.94±1.07 de
N₁P₂K₂	116.24±7.14 ab	137.00±5.00 de	32.87±0.90 de	33.29±3.10 de
N₂P₀K₂	101.28±11.22 c	149.00±8.19 bcd	30.65±0.72 g	34.49±2.20 de
N₂P₁K₂	126.37±11.14 a	141.67±4.16 cde	35.34±1.06 ab	38.10±2.16 abcd
N₂P₂K₂	122.35±10.05 ab	150.67±6.51 abc	33.05±0.77 de	41.49±2.72 ab
N₂P₃K₂	112.18±2.56 abc	143.67±5.86 cde	35.22±0.42 ab	42.63±4.37 a
N₂P₂K₁	115.73±9.70 ab	154.00±9.54 abc	33.55±0.41 cde	39.98±2.15 abc
N₂P₂K₀	121.18±7.72 ab	148.33±7.09 bcd	34.35±1.07 bcd	35.66±4.36 cde
N₂P₂K₃	110.20±5.26 bc	162.33±4.04 a	32.71±1.01 ef	40.64±0.53 abc
N₃P₂K₂	125.93±11.23 a	134.00±9.17 ef	34.04±0.48 bcde	36.36±1.24 bcde
N₁P₁K₂	119.07±6.59 ab	159.00±7.00 ab	33.14±1.10 de	41.94±1.35 a
N₁P₂K₁	117.07±5.72 ab	152.67±9.07 abc	35.90±0.74 a	38.16±3.64 abcd
N₂P₁K₁	121.84±1.36 ab	160.67±8.50 ab	34.70±0.80 abc	42.13±4.00 a

处理编号 treatment code	净光合速率/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1) Pn	气孔导度/ (mol·m^-2·s^-1) Gs	胞间二氧化碳浓度/ (μmol·mol^-1) Ci	蒸腾速率/ (mmol·m^-2·s^-1) Tr	水分利用效率/ (mmol·mol^-1) WUE
N₀P₀K₀	12.56±0.65 f	0.28±0.01 a	323.37±8.75 bc	5.57±0.38 f	2.26±0.04 cde
N₀P₂K₂	16.7±0.33 bcd	0.30±0.04 a	341.79±6.47 ab	5.96±0.74 def	2.83±0.33 ab
N₁P₂K₂	17.55±0.32 ab	0.29±0.04 a	335.76±12.71 ab	6.37±0.58 cdef	2.77±0.20 abc
N₂P₀K₂	14.90±0.80 e	0.25±0.04 a	330.82±17.44 ab	6.44±0.41 cdef	2.32±0.19 bcd
N₂P₁K₂	16.86±0.34 abcd	0.30±0.02 a	341.77±17.33 ab	7.43±1.41 abcd	2.33±0.47 bcd
N₂P₂K₂	17.86±0.75 a	0.30±0.03 a	330.19±15.71 abc	7.98±0.45 ab	2.25±0.21 cde
N₂P₃K₂	16.44±0.50 bcd	0.32±0.02 a	338.83±13.57 ab	7.23±0.53 bcde	2.28±0.11 cde
N₂P₂K₁	13.20±0.63 f	0.26±0.02 a	351.17±4.26 a	7.41±0.05 abcd	1.78±0.09 de
N₂P₂K₀	12.94±0.65 f	0.28±0.03 a	336.15±26.12 ab	6.80±1.34 bcdef	1.95±0.34 de
N₂P₂K₃	15.86±0.36 de	0.26±0.05 a	325.30±13.08 abc	5.76±1.40 ef	2.88±0.78 a
N₃P₂K₂	14.83±0.81 e	0.30±0.03 a	318.04±4.58 bc	7.09±0.57 bcdee	2.09±0.06 de
N₁P₁K₂	14.94±0.63 e	0.30±0.07 a	322.30±10.02 bc	8.80±0.60 a	1.70±0.17 e
N₁P₂K₁	15.91±0.69 cde	0.27±0.05 a	314.69±20.63 bc	7.69±0.46 abc	2.07±0.07 de
N₂P₁K₁	17.07±0.91 abc	0.33±0.05 a	303.37±8.84 c	8.31±0.59 ab	2.06±0.10 de

处理编号 treatment code	净光合速率/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1) Pn	气孔导度/ (mol·m^-2·s^-1) Gs	胞间二氧化碳浓度/ (μmol·mol^-1) Ci	蒸腾速率/ (mmol·m^-2·s^-1) Tr	水分利用效率/ (mmol·mol^-1) WUE
N₀P₀K₀	10.28±1.07 g	0.27±0.02 d	275.74±6.41 c	6.29±0.29 e	1.63±0.12 abc
N₀P₂K₂	11.65±1.14 efg	0.30±0.03 abcd	306.80±4.84 a	7.79±0.63 d	1.51±0.24 cd
N₁P₂K₂	14.59±0.50 abc	0.29±0.01 bcd	286.12±3.16 bc	8.66±0.65 bcd	1.69±0.07 abc
N₂P₀K₂	12.29±0.11 def	0.31±0.03 abcd	307.19±7.23 a	6.45±0.27 e	1.91±0.06 a
N₂P₁K₂	14.63±0.32 abc	0.29±0.02 bcd	289.14±5.25 bc	8.93±0.74 abc	1.64±0.10 abc
N₂P₂K₂	15.73±1.06 a	0.35±0.04 a	283.33±5.50 bc	9.14±0.64 ab	1.72±0.11 abc
N₂P₃K₂	12.71±1.23 de	0.32±0.02 abcd	294.46±10.44 ab	8.00±0.87 cd	1.60±0.26 bc
N₂P₂K₁	11.92±1.08 def	0.29±0.03 bcd	283.96±14.70 bc	7.95±0.62 cd	1.51±0.21 cd
N₂P₂K₀	11.18±0.59 fg	0.28±0.01 cd	295.64±11.66 ab	8.50±0.04 bcd	1.31±0.06 d
N₂P₂K₃	14.64±0.76abc	0.30±0.02 abcd	293.22±1.29 ab	9.79±0.16 a	1.50±0.10 cd
N₃P₂K₂	13.31±0.76 bcd	0.34±0.02 ab	298.58±10.49 ab	8.36±0.29 bcd	1.59±0.10 bc
N₁P₁K₂	14.82±0.24 ab	0.34±0.04 abc	296.17±5.27 ab	8.08±0.43 cd	1.84±0.11 ab
N₁P₂K₁	15.33±0.21 a	0.34±0.06 ab	285.63±1.41 bc	8.67±0.85 bcd	1.78±0.15 abc
N₂P₁K₁	13.22±1.11 cd	0.35±0.02 a	292.97±10.92 ab	7.74±0.13 d	1.71±0.17 abc

指标 index	N		P		K
指标 index	‘媛华’ ‘Yuanhua’	‘粤硕菩提’ ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’	‘媛华’ ‘Yuanhua’	‘粤硕菩提’ ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’	‘媛华’ ‘Yuanhua’	‘粤硕菩提’ ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’
树高tree height	0.45^**	0.46^**	0.31^**	0.13	0.07	0.22
地径ground diameter	0.40^**	0.38^**	0.47^**	0.31^*	-0.07	0.26
净光合速率Pn	0.06	0.22	0.29	0.23	0.60^**	0.54^**
气孔导度Gs	0.03	0.24	0.13	0.13	0.02	0.21
胞间二氧化碳浓度Ci	-0.04	0.14	0.20	0.02	0.07	0.32^*
蒸腾速率Tr	0.21	0.32^*	0.08	0.58^**	-0.01	0.41^**
水分利用效率WUE	-0.22	-0.07	0.11	-0.38^*	0.42^**	0.20

处理编号 treatment code	‘媛华’‘Yuanhua’				处理编号 treatment code	‘粤硕菩提’‘Yueshuo Bodhi’
处理编号 treatment code	D⁺	D^-	C_i	排名 ranking	处理编号 treatment code	D⁺	D^-	C_i	排名 ranking
N₀P₀K₀	0.29	0.11	0.27	14	N₀P₀K₀	0.31	0.10	0.24	14
N₀P₂K₂	0.19	0.22	0.52	5	N₀P₂K₂	0.25	0.17	0.39	13
N₁P₂K₂	0.17	0.24	0.58	2	N₁P₂K₂	0.22	0.18	0.45	11
N₂P₀K₂	0.26	0.15	0.36	13	N₂P₀K₂	0.21	0.22	0.51	8
N₂P₁K₂	0.17	0.26	0.60	1	N₂P₁K₂	0.20	0.20	0.50	9
N₂P₂K₂	0.19	0.24	0.55	4	N₂P₂K₂	0.14	0.26	0.64	2
N₂P₃K₂	0.17	0.23	0.57	3	N₂P₃K₂	0.18	0.22	0.54	6
N₂P₂K₁	0.26	0.18	0.40	12	N₂P₂K₁	0.22	0.19	0.46	10
N₂P₂K₀	0.26	0.18	0.41	11	N₂P₂K₀	0.25	0.17	0.39	12
N₂P₂K₃	0.21	0.20	0.48	8	N₂P₂K₃	0.17	0.25	0.58	5
N₃P₂K₂	0.22	0.18	0.45	9	N₃P₂K₂	0.19	0.20	0.51	7
N₁P₁K₂	0.25	0.18	0.42	10	N₁P₁K₂	0.13	0.26	0.66	1
N₁P₂K₁	0.22	0.22	0.50	7	N₁P₂K₁	0.16	0.25	0.60	4
N₂P₁K₁	0.21	0.23	0.52	6	N₂P₁K₁	0.15	0.25	0.62	3

Effect of variations in fertilization formula on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of young Sapindus saponaria

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施肥水平 fertilization level	N肥 nitrogenous fertilizer	P肥 phosphate fertilizer	K肥 potash fertilizer
0	0	0	0
1	75	45	20
2	150	90	40
3	225	135	60