A comparative analysis of sugar metabolism-related characteristics in different development stage fruits of six blueberry cultivars

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202410028

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 73-82.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202410028

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A comparative analysis of sugar metabolism-related characteristics in different development stage fruits of six blueberry cultivars

YANG Haiyan¹(), WU Yaqiong¹^,^*(), ZHANG Chunhong¹, LYU Lianfei¹, WU Wenlong¹, WEI Linxiao², LI Weilin²^,^*()

1. Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2024-10-28 Accepted:2025-03-06 Online:2025-05-30 Published:2025-05-27
Contact: WU Yaqiong, LI Weilin E-mail:haiyanyang_025@126.com;ya_qiong@126.com;wlli@njfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study is to understand the changes in sugar and other quality indexes during fruit development, to explore the potential mechanism of carbohydrate accumulation during blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) fruit development, and to establish a theoretical foundation for blueberry quality enhancement.【Method】Fruits of six blueberry cultivars at different developmental stages were used as the test materials. The morphological traits (size and color), antioxidant system-related parameters, fruit quality indexes, the expression levels of VcSWEETs genes, and sugar composition and content were determined. The correlation analysis among these parameters was performed using the Pearson correlation model.【Result】With the development of the fruit, the fruits of each cultivar gradually increased in size and deepened in color, of which the ‘Legacy’ cultivar had the largest fruit weight and transverse diameter, and ‘Zhongzhi 2’ had the smallest during the purple fruit stage (S3). In the S3 period, ‘Legacy’ showed peak L value with minimal a^* and b^* values. The generation rate of $O 2 · -$ and MDA content steadily increased, while H₂O₂ content (excluding ‘Zhongzhi 4’) and SOD activity decreased first and then increased, and POD activity gradually increased. Total soluble solids (TSS) and anthocyanin contents gradually increased, flavonoid content gradually decreased, and ellagic acid content initially decreased and then increased. Among them, ‘Zhongzhi 4’ had the highest TSS and anthocyanin content during the S3 period. The expression patterns of three VcSWEETs genes exhibited distinct cultivar specificity and developmental stage dependence. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, and total sugar accumulated continuously, though glucose maintained basal levels. In the S3 period, the total sugar contents of all cultivars were more than 200 mg/g, except for ‘Zhongzhi 1’.【Conclusion】Sugar content increased continually during fruit development, with sucrose and fructose concentrations predominating over glucose. ‘Legacy’ had the greatest total sugar content during the S3 period, followed by ‘Zhongzhi 2’ and ‘Zhongzhi 4’. The expansion of the fruit, the rise in anthocyanin content and POD activity, and the up-regulated expression of the VcSWEET1 gene were significantly correlated with sugar accumulation patterns.

Key words: Vaccinium spp. (blueberry), fruit development, carbohydrate metabolism, fruit quality, gene regulation

CLC Number:

S722

YANG Haiyan, WU Yaqiong, ZHANG Chunhong, LYU Lianfei, WU Wenlong, WEI Linxiao, LI Weilin. A comparative analysis of sugar metabolism-related characteristics in different development stage fruits of six blueberry cultivars[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2025, 49(3): 73-82.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Changes in single fruit weight, transverse diameter, vertical diameter and color index of blueberry fruits of six cultivars at different developmental stages"

品种 cultivar	发育阶段 developmental stage	单果质量/g single fruit weight	横径/mm transverse diameter	纵径/mm vertical diameter	颜色指标color index
品种 cultivar	发育阶段 developmental stage	单果质量/g single fruit weight	横径/mm transverse diameter	纵径/mm vertical diameter	L	a^*	b^*
‘中植1号’ ‘Zhongzhi 1’	S1	0.40±0.035 c	9.11±0.29 c	8.16±0.46 b	61.59±2.15 a	-7.49±0.30 c	24.52±1.25 a
	S2	0.83±0.032 b	11.07±0.43 b	8.39±0.20 b	42.73±2.98 b	12.58±0.93 a	-2.27±0.42 b
	S3	2.08±0.041 a	16.18±0.27 a	13.26±0.36 a	37.57±1.64 c	-1.27±0.16 b	-6.07±0.67 c
‘中植2号’ ‘Zhongzhi 2’	S1	0.36±0.015 c	9.27±0.16 c	7.26±0.13 c	63.76±1.98 a	-7.50±0.22 c	24.75±0.93 a
	S2	0.81±0.043 b	10.86±0.25 b	8.67±0.36 b	44.11±1.97 b	9.88±0.70 a	-5.51±0.64 b
	S3	1.29±0.091 a	12.79±0.32 a	10.16±0.59 a	38.18±0.93 c	-1.33±0.19 b	-7.11±0.63 c
‘中植3号’ ‘Zhongzhi 3’	S1	0.41±0.031 c	9.19±0.42 c	8.62±0.35 c	60.38±0.98 a	-7.54±0.53 c	22.29±1.66 a
	S2	0.84±0.040 b	11.22±0.15 b	9.29±0.29 b	40.96±2.21 b	10.18±1.45 a	-2.59±0.50 b
	S3	2.14±0.089 a	16.96±0.36 a	12.65±0.37 a	36.14±1.28 c	-1.28±0.27 b	-4.80±0.54 c
‘中植4号’ ‘Zhongzhi 4’	S1	0.44±0.026 c	9.51±0.22 c	8.65±0.38 c	60.39±1.99 a	-6.94±0.53 c	22.18±1.05 a
	S2	0.89±0.039 b	11.64±0.26 b	9.46±0.32 b	39.85±0.91 b	8.49±1.02 a	-3.79±0.66 b
	S3	2.00±0.070 a	16.04±0.15 a	13.41±0.50 a	37.89±0.79 b	-1.34±0.30 b	-6.96±0.38 c
‘瑞卡’ ‘Reka’	S1	0.42±0.025 c	9.46±0.35 c	8.14±0.60 c	56.50±1.52 a	-8.44±0.33 c	25.54±1.37 a
	S2	0.97±0.046 b	11.61±0.16 b	9.46±0.38 b	38.96±1.11 b	18.33±1.10 a	3.31±0.24 b
	S3	1.46±0.085 a	13.98±0.33 a	10.64±0.35 a	34.36±0.80 c	-1.62±0.30 b	-5.78±0.54 c
‘莱克西’ ‘Legacy’	S1	0.59±0.042 c	10.88±0.48 c	9.31±0.68 c	61.31±1.81 a	-6.92±0.32 c	21.49±1.65 a
	S2	1.77±0.055 b	15.30±0.17 b	10.90±0.30 b	45.18±2.02 b	12.08±1.09 a	-2.21±0.23 b
	S3	2.79±0.135 a	17.91±0.35 a	12.79±0.57 a	40.97±0.95 c	-1.79±0.30 b	-7.34±0.67 c

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Table 4

Fig. 4

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基因名称 genes name	基因号 gene ID	正向引物 forward primer(5'-3')	反向引物 reverse primer(5'-3')
VcSWEET1	gene-Vadar_018683	CTATCTTGCTCCAGTGCCAACATT	AGAGGGTCACGGTCAACATCC
VcSWEET2	gene-Vadar_022532	GGTGTCTAAGTAGTGCTGCTCTT	AGAAGGCTGAACTCATCAAGAAGG
VcSWEET3	gene-Vadar_011068	TGTTCTTCTGTGGCACCTCCT	CATCTCTAACGACCTGTTGGCATT
GAPDH	内参基因reference gene	GGTTATCAATGATAGGTTTGGCA	CAGTCCTTGCTTGATGGACC

品种 cultivar	发育阶段 developmental stage	可溶性固形物质量分数/% soluble solid content	花色苷质量分数/(×10^-2 mg·g^-1) anthocyanin content	黄酮质量分数/ (mg·g^-1) flavonoid content	鞣花酸质量分数/ (mg·g^-1) ellagic acid content
‘中植1号’ ‘Zhongzhi 1’	S1	8.70±0.27 c	—	0.99±0.01 a	1.41±0.11 a
	S2	10.00±0.10 b	40.62±2.59 b	0.83±0.01 b	0.80±0.03 b
	S3	11.37±0.40 a	118.04±11.70 a	0.71±0.04 c	0.94±0.02 b
‘中植2号’ ‘Zhongzhi 2’	S1	8.80±010 c	—	1.18±0.04 a	1.88±0.13 a
	S2	10.73±0.25 b	44.17±0.43 b	0.76±0.02 b	0.74±0.04 c
	S3	12.57±0.06 a	149.04±12.22 a	0.53±0.05 c	1.33±0.03 b
‘中植3号’ ‘Zhongzhi 3’	S1	8.97±0.32 c	—	0.98±0.07 a	1.56±0.17 a
	S2	11.20±020 b	35.46±1.34 b	0.78±0.01 b	0.81±0.04 b
	S3	13.77±0.32 a	152.76±12.91 a	0.59±0.01 c	1.05±0.01 b
‘中植4号’ ‘Zhongzhi 4’	S1	9.20±0.20 c	—	0.92±0.04 a	0.94±0.03 b
	S2	10.83±0.06 b	40.70±1.32 b	0.70±0.04 b	0.70±0.04 c
	S3	14.00±0.32 a	185.64±5.40 a	0.56±0.03 c	1.25±0.08 a
‘瑞卡’ ‘Reka’	S1	7.93±0.31 c	—	0.82±0.03 a	1.44±0.21 a
	S2	9.13±0.25 b	36.32±2.88 b	0.56±0.01 b	0.75±0.03 c
	S3	11.93±0.15 a	101.99±2.92 a	0.42±0.03 c	1.12±0.04 b
‘莱克西’ ‘Legacy’	S1	8.50±0.10 c	—	0.90±0.03 a	1.04±0.07 b
	S2	12.17±0.25 b	36.59±1.95 b	0.62±0.02 b	0.70±0.01 c
	S3	13.97±0.06 a	109.64±4.25 a	0.49±0.03 c	1.41±0.05 a

品种 cultivar	发育阶段 developmental stage	蔗糖质量分数/ (mg·g^-1) sucrose content	葡萄糖质量分数/ (mg·g^-1) glucose content	果糖质量分数/ (mg·g^-1) fructose content	总糖质量分数/ (mg·g^-1) total sugar content
‘中植1号’ ‘Zhongzhi 1’	S1	21.71±0.93 c	9.55±0.28 c	28.60±1.23 c	59.86±1.05 a
	S2	49.01±1.73 b	20.44±0.75 b	44.85±2.17 b	114.30±4.57 b
	S3	69.37±2.34 a	32.09±2.45 a	61.19±1.67 a	162.65±2.28 c
‘中植2号’ ‘Zhongzhi 2’	S1	28.63±0.64 c	9.22±0.92 c	31.47±2.41 c	69.32±3.00 a
	S2	66.89±0.77 b	27.69±1.74 b	52.58±2.20 b	147.16±3.18 b
	S3	113.58±9.00 a	43.47±2.64 a	73.92±2.97 a	230.97±9.13 c
‘中植3号’ ‘Zhongzhi 3’	S1	43.48±3.27 c	14.10±0.18 c	40.33±0.33 c	97.91±2.91 a
	S2	84.46±4.07 b	27.64±1.42 b	60.63±3.51 b	172.73±6.26 b
	S3	114.11±1.43 a	37.76±0.53 a	74.40±7.37 a	226.27±6.36 c
‘中植4号’ ‘Zhongzhi 4’	S1	29.64±1.73 c	12.29±0.32 c	25.84±4.04 c	67.77±3.50 a
	S2	66.90±2.61 b	27.52±0.27 b	47.59±4.18 b	142.01±1.37 b
	S3	115.88±1.99 a	39.13±1.86 a	69.12±3.23 a	224.13±2.82 c
‘瑞卡’ ‘Reka’	S1	28.64±1.73 c	10.59±0.70 c	30.47±2.65 c	69.70±2.05 a
	S2	73.72±0.59 b	25.58±0.94 b	52.22±2.10 b	151.52±1.97 b
	S3	109.92±3.64 a	38.49±1.24 a	69.01±1.04 a	217.42±2.69 c
‘莱克西’ ‘Legacy’	S1	38.20±3.55 c	11.61±1.16 c	30.77±3.79 c	80.58±1.38 a
	S2	95.50±2.77 b	32.29±1.47 b	59.42±1.04 b	187.21±0.96 b
	S3	123.65±2.74 a	42.93±0.98 a	76.51±1.35 a	243.09±4.84 c

A comparative analysis of sugar metabolism-related characteristics in different development stage fruits of six blueberry cultivars

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