Abstract: In the taxonomic research of Chinese Bambusoideae, Arundinaria Michaux is a disputed genus. Different opinions have long been existed particularly in whether the species of Arundinaria are distributed in East Asia, which give rise to many taxonomic confusions of bamboo species. T. Makino, S. Suzuki, Keng et Keng f. and Lin Wei-chih held that there was not any species of this genus occurred in East Asia, while F. A. McClure, R. E. Holttum, J. Ohwi and the others believed that there were species of Arundinaria existed in this wide region. These two opinions are so sharply contradicted that it forms a great controversy in the field of bamboo classification.The authors of this paper studied the characteristics circumscribed by the type species Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. which is indigenous to America and compared it with the Chinese bamboos. A conclusion is reached that there are a lot of species of Arundinaria distributed in China. In order to distinguish Arundinaria from other related genera of the Tribus Arundinarieae in China, a generic key is made here. In this paper, the authors have revised 16 species which are true Arun-dinanas, most of them had hitherto been erroneously placed into other genera and 3 new species will soon be legitimately established. A list of these Arundinaria species is given, each with its Chinese name, scientific name, synonyms, literature citations and distribution ranges.?27