Abstract: Based on the hydro-ecological process of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR), the field sample plot survey was conducted to study the influences of the typical winter impounding and summer flooding processes on plant biological characterization(vegetative coverage, base diameters and heights)of the Salix rosthornii Seemen and patterns of the species biodiversity in forest community. The results showed that: after the winter impounding process, plant coverage and heights of S. rosthornii on the 172 m elevation increased remarkably(p<0.05), and plant heights of the 175 m elevation also differed significantly(p<0.05), but it was not the case for the base diameters on both elevation. After the summer flooding, there was no obvious difference in the biological characteristics on the 175 m altitude(p>0.05). In contrary, plant coverage dramatically reduced on the 172 m elevation(p<0.05),but this was not for the base diameters and heights. After winter and summer impoundment, Patrick diversity and Shannon-Wiener diversity increased initially and then declined, whereas the trend of 175 m altitude was opposite. Simpson diversity increased rapidly(p<0.05)on the 172 m altitude, which varied significantly after winter impoundment(p<0.05). With regard to the short term of ecological characteristic after flooding, S. rosthornii is an effective species for the plant restoration of water level fluctuation zone(WLFZ)in the TGR area. Approaches of appropriate human management should be taken to decline the adversity stress induced by silt deposition and sand deposition after summer flooding events.