Abstract: Using the input-output data of moso bamboo plantations collected from 192 households in 8 counties of Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Province, we estimated the input-output production function model of moso bamboo plantation, which was used to reflect the influence of inputs on outputs(bamboo stem and bamboo shoot), and then we discussed its economic benefit in different places and site condition. The results showed that:① Both annual labor input cost and site condition exerted a significant positive influence on the output. With the 1% increasing of annual labor input cost, the bamboo shoot production, the bamboo stem production and the total production respectively increased 1.874%, 0.492% and 0.714%, and the bamboo shoot production, the bamboo stem production and total production in high quality land were more higher than that in the poor quality land at 429%, 29.7% and 49.0%, respectively. These productions in medium quality land were higher than that in poor quality land at 24.5%, 29.2% and 27.2%, respectively. ② Fertilizer inputs cost exerted a appreciable positive effect on bamboo shoot production and further total production, but not on bamboo stem production.③ The relationship between input and output of moso bamboo plantation in different counties was extremely different, which might associated with the different natural condition and management technique in different places.④ From the annual economic benefit view, under the current market and management technique condition, the economic benefit of moso bamboo plantation in different site condition was extremely different. However, this was similar in different places. Finally, in order to increase the farme's income, the shoots-oriented moso bamboo plantations should be expanded, as well as the ecologic protection should be enhanced.