Topological characteristics of the root systems of four native broad-leaved trees in the central Sichuan hilly region

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201811010

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 125-132.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201811010

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Topological characteristics of the root systems of four native broad-leaved trees in the central Sichuan hilly region

NIU Mu¹^,²(), CHEN Junhua²^,³, ZHOU Dasong²^,³, XIE Tianzi²^,³, BIE Pengfei⁴, ZHAO Run⁴, MU Changlong²^,³^,^*()

1. College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Chengdu 610081, China
3. Sichuan Longmenshan National Positioning Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Pingwu 622550, China
4. Life Science and Technology College, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang 621000, China

Received:2018-11-05 Revised:2019-09-06 Online:2020-03-30 Published:2020-04-01
Contact: MU Changlong E-mail:12969386@qq.com;mucl2006@aliyun.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Nutrient competition between the underground roots of trees has profound effects on tree growth, species coexistence, and forest community dynamics. An important trait in this regard is root system architecture, which can be described in terms of the geometric morphological characteristic parameters and topological structure of root systems. In this study, in order to provide theoretical and practical references for the development of protected forests and vegetation restoration in the central Sichuan hilly region, we examined the differences and similarities of the root systems of native broad-leaved trees in this region and their adaptive strategies in the soil environment.【Method】 We focused on four native broad-leaved tree species (Alnus cremastogyne, Toona sinensis, Camptotheca acuminate and Cinnamomum camphora) in the central Sichuan hilly region, which had been replanted as part of a Cupressus funebris transformation experiment based on cutting strips in cypress stands 7 years age. For analyses of growth traits, we selected seven healthy individuals ofA. cremastogyne, T. sinensis and C. acuminata, respectively, six individuals of C. camphora, then measured their basal diameter, breast-height diameter, height and canopy cover. All root systems (root diameter > 3 mm) were extracted and their distributions were determines using 50 cm × 50 cm grids. Furthermore, we drew 1∶40-scale overhead views of the root systems using 50 cm × 75 cm coordinate paper. The length of roots in each root grade, the root diameter before and after branching, root number, the interior and exterior link number of root as well as the connecting length, were measured using electronic vernier calipers and a steel tape. 【Result】① The root system of A. cremastogyne was found to have a predominantly horizontal distribution (the horizontal distribution radius was 2.29 times the vertical depth). Moreover, the lateral roots of this tree are well developed and the root system is shallow. Although the main roots of C. acuminata trees were developed, with vertical depth was 2.71 times the horizontal distribution radius, and the lateral roots were relatively underdeveloped. In contrast, both the main roots and lateral roots of C. camphora and T. sinensis were found to be well developed. With the exception of A. cremastogyne, the trees examined in this study are all deep-rooted species. Apart from C. camphora and T. sinensis, the horizontal distribution radius showed a significant difference (df = 3, F = 145.007, P < 0.05) among the species.Moreover, in the case of the vertical depth of roots, there were significant differences (df=3, F=99.478, P < 0.05) among species, with the exception of C. camphora and C. acuminata. ② Topological indices were found to differ significantly among the species, of which q_a, q_b, and T_I showed highly significant differences ($df_{q_{a}}=3, F_{q_{a}}, P_{q_{a}}<0.01, df_{q_{b}}=3, F_{q_{b}}=4.066, P_{q_{b}}<0.05; df_{T_{I}}=3, F_{T_{I}}=69.561, P_{T_{I}}<0.01$, respectively). The root branching structures ofA. cremastogyne and T. sinensis was characteristically fork-shaped, and had q_a, q_b and T_I values of 0.160, 0.097 and 0.673 as well as 0.122, 0.047 and 0.635, respectively. In contrast, the root branching structures of C. acuminata and C. camphora exhibited a fishtail topology, with q_a, q_b, T_I values of 0.582, 0.547 and 0.885 as well as 0.364, 0.266 and 0.799, respectively. ③ We also found that the average connection length of root systems differed significantly (df = 3, F = 6.166, P < 0.05) among the four species, and could be arranged in the following descending order: C. camphora > T. sinensis > A. cremastogyne>C. acuminata.【Conclusion】 In order to adapt to the infertile soils and nutrient-deficient environment characterizing the central Sichuan hilly region, each tree species adopts strategies to enhance the effective utilization of nutrient space. A. cremastogyne and T. sinensis promote nutrient absorption via horizontal expansion of their secondary root systems, whereas C. camphora and C. acuminata obtain soil water and nutrients by means of the rapid development of vertical roots. Our results indicate that these four native species can normally grow in the central Sichuan hilly region. On the basis of their branching structure and ecological characteristics, we conclude thatA. cremastogyne preferentially grows in locations receiving ample sunlight, whereas C. acuminata and T. sinensis favor fertile, moist, as well as sunny sites, and C. camphora shows a general preference for fertile and moist conditions.

Key words: central Sichuan hilly region, native broad-leaved tree: tree roots, topological characteristics, adaptation strategy

CLC Number:

S718

NIU Mu, CHEN Junhua, ZHOU Dasong, XIE Tianzi, BIE Pengfei, ZHAO Run, MU Changlong. Topological characteristics of the root systems of four native broad-leaved trees in the central Sichuan hilly region[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(2): 125-132.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.3

References 30

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树种 tree species	海拔/m altitude	坡度/(°) slope	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) stand density	平均树高/ m mean tree height	平均胸径/ cm mean DBH	土壤密度/ (g·cm^-3) bulk density	pH	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1) organic matter content	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) total nitrogen content	全磷含量/ (g·kg^-1) total phosphorus content
桤木A. cremastogyne	469	12	2 578	9.30	7.64	1.35	8.58	9.37	1.73	0.52
喜树C. acuminata	475	10	2 597	8.11	5.30	1.52	8.13	8.16	1.14	0.39
香樟C. camphora	458	13	2 592	8.91	6.22	1.48	8.62	10.26	1.28	0.67
香椿T. sinensis	482	16	2 601	8.13	5.63	1.35	8.31	7.79	0.94	0.62

树种 tree species	编号 No.	等级 grade	b	P_e	v₀	q_a	q_b	T_I
桤木 A. cremastogyne	Ac-1	7	5.49	88	14	0.239	0.189	0.737
	Ac-2	10	6.27	192	29	0.179	0.041	0.684
	Ac-3	12	8.34	349	45	0.143	0.106	0.653
	Ac-4	9	6.63	197	32	0.115	0.055	0.634
	Ac-5	10	6.92	185	27	0.200	0.127	0.699
	Ac-6	11	7.79	334	41	0.134	0.092	0.646
	Ac-7	6	5.19	98	15	0.108	0.070	0.662
	均值mean	9.286 B	6.661 B	206.143 B	29.000 B	0.160 C	0.097 B	0.673 C
喜树 C. acuminata	Ca-1	9	5.13	75	10	0.824	0.389	0.954
	Ca-2	7	6.12	46	8	0.750	1.542	0.936
	Ca-3	6	4.32	38	8	0.500	0.233	0.862
	Ca-4	5	3.98	36	7	0.374	0.164	0.827
	Ca-5	6	4.11	33	8	0.500	0.080	0.862
	Ca-6	8	5.38	47	11	0.541	0.376	0.867
	Ca-7	7	5.97	42	9	0.586	1.047	0.886
	均值mean	6.857 C	5.001 C	45.286 C	8.714 C	0.582 A	0.547 A	0.885 A
香樟 C. camphora	Cc-1	8	4.95	38	13	0.398	0.077	0.811
	Cc-2	7	6.33	42	12	0.326	0.616	0.783
	Cc-3	6	4.56	34	10	0.296	0.115	0.778
	Cc-4	5	3.97	28	7	0.374	0.155	0.827
	Cc-5	9	5.21	45	16	0.364	0.047	0.792
	Cc-6	7	6.12	39	15	0.207	0.301	0.719
	均值mean	6.980 C	5.163 C	38.755 C	11.673 C	0.364 B	0.266 AB	0.799 B
香椿 T. sinensis	Ts-1	10	6.92	118	41	0.105	0.036	0.620
	Ts-2	11	7.86	343	44	0.121	0.082	0.634
	Ts-3	13	8.33	368	66	0.101	0.047	0.612
	Ts-4	10	6.88	195	36	0.128	0.053	0.643
	Ts-5	10	6.52	189	32	0.154	0.045	0.664
	Ts-6	12	8.16	334	58	0.101	0.055	0.612
	Ts-7	9	5.92	107	28	0.144	0.012	0.659
	均值mean	10.714 A	7.227 A	236.286 A	43.571 A	0.122 C	0.047 B	0.635 C

树种tree species	q_a	q_b	拓扑指数 topological index
桤木A. cremastogyne	0.160 c	0.097 bc	0.673 c
喜树C. acuminata	0.582 a	0.547 a	0.885 a
香樟C. camphora	0.364 b	0.266 ab	0.799 b
香椿T. sinensis	0.122 c	0.047 c	0.635 c

Topological characteristics of the root systems of four native broad-leaved trees in the central Sichuan hilly region

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