Abstract: Ceratosphaeria phyllostachydis sp. nov. is associated with the bamboo shoot blight. Perithecia occur in infected twigs and branches of the phyllostachys edulis, gregarious, occasionally scattered, embedded, depressed-globose, dark in color, parenchymic, 225 -385 H in diameter, with a long beak protruding through the crack. Beaks cylindric, 300-570 H long, 70-100 H wide, and covered with long hairs. Asci unitunicate, cylindric, with a short stalk, 85-95 p, in length and 12-15 \i in width, containing 8 -ascospores arranged in two rows or occasionally in one row. The tip of the ascus incrassate, with a refractive ring round the pore, which does not stain blue with iodine as the case in the Diaporthiaceae. Ascospores elliptical, 4 -celled, rarelly 5-6 celled, not constricted at septa, 19-34 in length and 6-11 in width, hyline but becoming pale yellow when mature.