Abstract: Based on the investigations of the vegetation and the collection of samples, the flora composition of Mt. Niushou in terms of families,genera,and species were analyzed. The floristic characteristics were compared with those of the floras in the similar latitude such as Mr. Mufu Development and Protection Area, Nanjing, Tieshan Temple Nature Protection Arca, Xuyi, and Yellow Mountain Scenic Area, Anhui province respectively in terms of R/T rate and similarity coefficient. The results showed that Mt. Niushou flora is more closely allied to Mt. Mufu in terms of genera similarities while the flora is more closely allied to Tieshan Temple in terms of species similarities.