Effects of poplar-crop agroforestry patterns on rice yield and quality were analyzed. The results indicated that the poplar-crop agroforestry patterns had no significant effects on the rice ear biomass, yield, ratio of yield to biomass, protein content and amylose content within three years, while the patterns affected the 1000 grains weight, one ear weight and ear length significantly. The 1000 grains weight was reduced, but protein content and amylose content were improved, in the 5th year of poplar-crop management. The effects on yield among different patterns were related to the age of the poplar plantations, and the wider-narrow pattern should be applied in order to reduce the influence of tree’s over-shading.