A study of scale pattern of straight guard hair’s from the back, the abdomen, the neck and the hip of Large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha), Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), Masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) and Leopard cat (Felis bengalensis) was conducted by scanning electronic microscope and optics microscope. The result showed that there were differences in the scale pattern between families, genera and species, the differences were also found in different parts of the same animal and different parts of the same hair. The four mammals would be distinguished by analyzing the micro-structural morphologic characters of their hair, but there existed difficulty were distinguished identification.