Abstract: This paper aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the wood processing enterprises in Jiangsu province, ascertained the contrast among the different enterprises, and found the approach to improve’ the useless enterprises. By using the DEA model, the authors chosed the labor force,, technology, wood use as the input indexes, and the yield, production value as the output indexes, gave an evaluation of 10 wood processing enterprises which were specially supported by the development programming of Jiangsu’ s poplar industry. The results showed that the efficiency of wood processing leading enterprises was in a suitable situation as a whole, 60% of the enterprises were effective. The pure technology efficiencies of DEA inefficiency enterprises were lower than the scale efficiencies, which indicated that the main reason for the inefficiency was unsuitable resources arrangement. Input redundancies and output lacks were existed in the DEA inefficiency enterprises, while the output indexes were improved highly through adjusting the proportion of input indexes.