Abstract: Forest trees as renewable resources are economically important which possess treespecific characteristics comparing to herbaceous plants such as extensive secondary growth, seasonal growth and dormancy, longgeneration times. Studies on the molecular mechanism underlying treespecific traits have facilitated our understanding of plant biology and have potential value for genetic engineering. Poplar has been chosen as the model species for woody plants and the poplar wholegenome has been sequenced successfully. Meanwhile, profound studies have been carried out on poplar transcriptome and proteome. Poplar genome project has enriched our knowledge of tree genome evolution, wood formation, flowering, dormancy and treepathogen interactions.