Abstract: Six phenotypic traits were investigated in 12 natural populations of Camellia reticulate f.simplex from west of Yunnan, China,by using nested variance analysis, correlation analysis, variance analysis, phenotypic differentiation coefficient(VST)and cluster analysis, etc. The results showed that there were significant variance among and within populations; the variation within populations was much greater than that among populations. The fruit variation coefficients of the seed weight per fruit(42.99%),the fruit weight(38.17%), the seed weight(31.66%),among 4 natural populations had the greatest variance, the fruit height(15.69%),the fruit diameter(14.01%)and the fruit shape index(13.75%)had the least variance, among 12 natural populations MS1(30.05%)had the greatest variance, the MS3 had the least(15.3%)variance, the mean variance, among 12 natural populations was 24.83%. There were significant variance among 6 phenotypic traits except the fruit height and the fruit weight. The Person index between the fruit diameter and the fruit weight was 0.90.The fruit height were significant positive relationship with longitude and altitude, but were negative correlation with latitude.