Abstract: Construction and operation of expressway affect the diversity in surrounding soil. In the present study, an investigation about the composition and diversity of the soil macro-fauna was conducted in the Dehui section of Beijing-Harbin expressway. Sampling sites at 5, 20, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1 600 m away from the expressway region were conducted on both sides of the expressway(the north and south)in May, August and October 2013. We collected in total 7 596 individual soil macro-fauna, belonging to 11 families, 10 orders, 5 classes. Lumbricidae and Camponotustokioensis were the dominant groups on both sides of the expressway. Analysis of variance(ANOVA)with repeated replication showed a significant influence(P<0.05)of sampling period on the soil faunal abundance, richness Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index of soil macro-fauna in the neighborhood of the expressway. The canonical correspondence analysis results showed that the soil macro-faunal diversity was significantly correlated with temperature and precipitation. The results illustrated that soil macro-faunal diversity did not increase with the increase of the distance away from the expressway. Sampling period was the main factor influencing soil macro-faunal diversity in the Dehui region of Beijing-Harbin expressway, and the influence was more profound than the sampling site. The mechanism can be explained by regional scale and climate factors. This study is helpful for further understanding the correlation between environmental pollution situation and the construction and operation of expressway.