Responses of morphology and vertical distribution of fine roots in Sapindus mukorossi to formula fertilization

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201910007

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 58-66.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201910007

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Responses of morphology and vertical distribution of fine roots in Sapindus mukorossi to formula fertilization

WANG Fugen¹(), WEI Xingbiao², ZHAO Guochun², JIA Liming²^,^*()

1. Jianning County Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Center of Fujian Province, Jianning 354500, China
2. Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biamass, National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2019-10-11 Accepted:2020-09-14 Online:2021-07-30 Published:2021-07-30
Contact: JIA Liming E-mail:wfg8115@163.com;jlm@bjfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the root distribution characteristics and morphological differences in soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) under different fertilization treatments. We also aimed to analyze the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on the fine root growth and their interactions, so as to provide a support for the scientific cultivation of S. mukorossi, which is a widely planted biomass species in Southern China. 【Method】Using the eight-year-old forest in Jianning County, Sanming City in Fujian Province, as the research object, three levels of N, P and K fertilizers were set and a total of 14 treatments were conducted using the “3414” randomized block design. Among them, using no fertilization as the blank control (CK), three blocks were set up with 42 treatment plots and five trees per plot as repetition. At the end of the growing season in 2015, before the blooming period in 2016 and during the rapid growth period of fruits in 2016, fertilizer was applied in ditches, according to the specified proportions, in three rounds. In December 2016, four standard wood samples were selected from each treatment plot. Soil column samples were collected in three layers (0-20 cm, ≥20-40 cm and ≥40-60 cm) at a distance of 1 m from the trees. The distribution and morphology of the fine roots in the three soil layers of each treatment were studied. 【Result】The fine roots were mainly distributed within the 0-20 cm soil layer and gradually declined in the other two layers. The fine root biomass (FRB) and length density (FRLD) of the 0-20 cm layer were 1.51-2.52 times and 1.82-2.25 times higher, respectively, than the ≥20-40 cm soil layer, and 6.29-13.17 times and 6.03-9.31 times, respectively, compared to those of the ≥40-60 cm soil layer. FRB, FRLD, fine root surface area (FRSA), and fine root average diameter (FRAD) tended to increase initially and then decrease before becoming steady as the N, P and K fertilizer rates increased. Meanwhile, with the increase in fertilization, specific root length (SRL) decreased initially, before increasing sharply, and then decreasing steadily. Compared to CK, the FRB and FRLD of the N2P2K2 treatment clearly increased by 152% and 164%, respectively, in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Meanwhile, the FRB and FRLD also evidently increased by 242% and 161%, respectively, in the ≥20-40 cm soil layer, and significantly increased by 385% and 135%, respectively, in the ≥40-60 cm soil layer (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The FRB, FRLD and FRSA of S. mukorossi decreased gradually and had obvious vertical distribution characteristics in the 0-60 cm soil layer. Under the condition of P deficiency, N and K fertilizers were less effective on the root growth, and it was necessary to increase soil nutrient availa-bility to promote the fine root growth and biomass accumulation to some degree. When the amount of fertilizer was sufficient, this species could adjust the distribution structure of fine roots according to the availability of soil nutrient resources in the ≥40-60 cm layer and fully absorb nutrients. The interaction between N and P had a significant effect on the FRB, FRLD, FRAD and SRL, and was significantly correlated with the growth rate of fine roots. The fitting model of fine roots proposed that the most ideal amount of fertilization is N 693, P 321 and K 432 kg/hm².

Key words: soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, formula fertilization, fine root morpho-logy, fine root vertical distribution

CLC Number:

S725.5

WANG Fugen, WEI Xingbiao, ZHAO Guochun, JIA Liming. Responses of morphology and vertical distribution of fine roots in Sapindus mukorossi to formula fertilization[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(4): 58-66.

Figures/Tables 6

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土层深度/cm soil layer depth	pH	田间持水量/ % field capacity	土壤容重/ (g·cm^-3) bulk density	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1) organic matter content	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) toal N content	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1) available P content	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1) available K content
0~20	5.13	30.57	1.21	17.03	0.64	4.25	112.6
≥20~40	4.96	27.78	1.38	10.22	0.58	3.04	72.3
≥40~60	5.06	28.11	1.47	6.51	0.46	2.38	43.9
≥60~80	5.23	27.36	1.36	4.72	0.28	1.59	28.3

编号 No.	处理 treatment	处理分类 treatment classification	编号 No.	处理 treatment	处理分类 treatment classification
1	CK	空白对照 control check	8	N2P2K0	缺钾处理 non-K treatment
2	N0P2K2	缺氮处理 non-N treatment	9	N2P2K1	低钾处理 low K treatment
3	N1P2K2	低氮处理 low N treatment	10	N2P2K3	高钾处理 high K treatment
4	N2P0K2	缺磷处理 non-P treatment	11	N3P2K2	高氮处理 high N treatment
5	N2P1K2	低磷处理 low P treatment	12	N1P1K2	低氮磷处理 low N and low P treatment
6	N2P2K2	常规处理 conventional treatment	13	N1P2K1	低氮钾处理 low N and low K treatment
7	N2P3K2	高磷处理 high P treatment	14	N2P1K1	低磷钾处理 low P and low K treatment

施肥处理 fertilizer treatment	细根生物量/ (mg·cm^-3) FRB	细根根长密度/ (cm·cm^-3) FRLD	细根表面积/ (cm²·cm^-3) FRSA	细根平均直径/ mm FRAD	比根长/ (cm·g^-1) SRL
CK	0.24	0.24	3.16	0.56	3 468.52
N0P2K2	0.36	0.42	7.30	0.58	3 780.38
N1P2K1	0.35	0.43	6.72	0.68	3 928.62
N2P2K0	0.35	0.41	6.95	0.65	3 885.30
N1P1K2	0.36	0.40	7.19	0.68	3 724.24
N2P1K1	0.49	0.42	7.59	0.80	3 186.25
N1P2K2	0.48	0.48	8.32	0.86	3 056.60
N2P0K2	0.29	0.38	5.13	0.60	4 203.77
N2P2K1	0.64	0.54	9.52	1.03	2 604.73
N2P1K2	0.48	0.46	7.52	0.86	2 759.24
N2P2K2	0.71	0.62	11.31	1.10	2 481.83
N2P3K2	0.65	0.58	10.74	1.06	2 610.92
N2P2K3	0.65	0.52	9.80	0.96	2 334.69
N3P2K2	0.65	0.56	9.81	1.01	2 524.84

变异来源 source of variation	细根生物量 FRB		根长密度 FRLD		细根表面积 FRSA		细根平均直径 FRAD		比根长 SRL
变异来源 source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
N	94.76	<0.001 0	110.65	<0.001 0	47.75	0.045 1	43.04	<0.001 0	73.67	<0.001 0
P	49.20	<0.001 0	101.85	<0.001 0	117.93	<0.001 0	21.92	<0.001 0	33.97	<0.001 0
K	13.09	<0.001 0	0.91	0.374 9	5.79	0.059 8	17.88	<0.001 0	1.06	0.421 4
N×P	13.68	<0.001 0	25.61	<0.001 0	3.51	0.069 6	43.84	<0.001 0	20.25	<0.001 0
N×K	0.45	0.508 5	0.01	0.951 7	3.89	0.056 9	0.39	0.532 3	0.79	0.379 5
P×K	3.41	0.073 5	0.21	0.650 9	4.69	0.037 5	16.07	0.264 3	5.28	0.276 5
N×P×K	9.16	0.006 4	0.28	0.437 1	8.35	0.007 1	5.79	0.020 4	4.64	0.038 6

Responses of morphology and vertical distribution of fine roots in Sapindus mukorossi to formula fertilization

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