Leaf structure variations and relationship with environmental factors among germplasm resources of Vernicia fordii

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202108020

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 95-102.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202108020

Special Issue: 乡村振兴视域下经济林果培育专题（Ⅱ）

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Leaf structure variations and relationship with environmental factors among germplasm resources of Vernicia fordii

CAO Linqing¹(), ZHONG Qiuping¹^,^*(), ZOU Yuling¹, TIAN Feng¹, HE Yichang²

1. Experimental Center for Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fenyi 336600, China
2. Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330000, China

Received:2021-08-10 Revised:2021-11-08 Online:2023-07-30 Published:2023-07-20

1. .zip(1889KB)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】A common garden experiment was used to explore the adaptation mechanisms of leaf structure to geographical environment changes. 【Method】In this study, the anatomical structure and stomatal characteristics of the leaves of 46 Vernicia fordii provenances were observed and measured by the paraffin wax slices method and nail oil seal method. Redundancy analysis, traditional correlation analysis and systematic clustering were used to analyze the differences in leaf structural characteristics, as well as the relationship between leaf traits and environmental factors.【Result】The results showed that the leaf structure characteristics of V. fordii had significant variation (P<0.01), the coefficients of variation of P/S, stomatal area, stomatal density and spongy tissue thickness were more than 20%. There were significant correlations between the leaf anatomical structure and leaf stomatal structure. Latitude, longitude, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation contributed largely to the variations of leaf structure characteristics of V. fordii. Principal component analysis revealed that the first five principal components represented 91.02%. Ten indexes, including stomatal density, stomatal perimeter and stomatal area, were selected for hierarchical cluster analysis. Overall, 46 V. fordii germplasms were clustered into three groups with a Euclidean distance of 5.0. The clustering results reflected the characteristics of the leaf tissue structure of various groups, and the difference was mainly reflected in the stomatal characteristics. 【Conclusion】 The difference in the geographical environment was one of the major factors that affected the variations of the leaf structure of V. fordii.

Key words: Vernicia fordii, leaf structure variation, environmental factor

CLC Number:

S794.3

CAO Linqing, ZHONG Qiuping, ZOU Yuling, TIAN Feng, HE Yichang. Leaf structure variations and relationship with environmental factors among germplasm resources of Vernicia fordii[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(4): 95-102.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Basic conditions of Vernicia fordii provenances sites"

种源名称 provenance name	种源地 provenance site	经度/ (°) longitude (E)	纬度/ (°) latitude (N)	年均气温/℃ annual average temperature	年均降水量/ mm annual mean precipitation	生长季均温/ ℃ growing season mean temperature	生长季降水量/ mm precipitation in the growth season	平均相对湿度/% average relative humidity	≥10 ℃ 年积温/℃ annual accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃	年均日照时间/h average annual sunshine duration
HMY 01—04	湖南麻阳	109.80	27.88	17.30	1 256.70	21.74	1 053.70	78.00	5 512.00	1 421.80
HCL 01—03	湖南慈利	111.14	29.44	17.30	1 383.40	21.85	1 186.10	76.00	5 200.00	1 563.30
HDK	湖南洞口	110.58	27.08	18.00	1 426.40	22.48	1 111.00	77.00	5 229.70	1 424.00
HNY 01—03	湖南宁远	111.94	25.57	18.60	1 450.30	22.85	1 163.60	78.00	5 754.20	1 610.00
HSZ 01—05	湖南桑植	110.17	29.41	16.40	1 418.20	20.74	1 237.90	79.00	5 625.00	1 717.30
JPZ 01—02	江西彭泽	116.54	29.86	17.10	1 485.20	21.89	1 200.80	76.00	5 216.80	2 048.60
HYL 01—02	湖南沅陵	110.39	28.49	16.90	1 384.90	21.25	1 174.60	77.00	5 192.00	1 328.20
JXS	江西修水	114.66	28.98	16.80	1 602.10	21.39	1 308.00	79.00	5 300.00	1 629.00
JWY	江西婺源	117.76	29.33	17.10	1 946.90	21.66	1 595.10	82.00	5 231.00	1 715.10
JAY 01—02	江西安远	115.39	25.19	18.90	1 569.10	22.83	1 303.30	81.00	5 223.00	1 748.70
JDN	江西定南	115.05	24.87	19.00	1 586.10	22.84	1 349.60	80.00	5 998.00	1 677.00
JDY	江西大余	114.29	25.47	18.60	1 583.90	22.60	1 315.40	80.00	5 747.00	1 647.20
JXG	江西兴国	115.48	26.23	19.00	1 545.60	23.29	1 272.90	78.00	5 653.80	1 711.40
JRJ	江西瑞金	115.89	26.01	19.20	1 652.20	23.34	1 369.60	79.00	6 120.00	1 618.00
JXF	江西信丰	115.12	25.46	19.50	1 520.80	23.66	1 261.10	77.00	6 223.20	1 839.00
JSY	江西上犹	114.47	25.93	19.00	1 493.80	23.14	1 232.90	79.00	5 765.60	1 765.20
JHK	江西湖口	116.28	29.73	17.10	1 439.10	21.83	1 164.00	78.00	5 358.70	1 983.80
HWG 01—02	湖南武冈	110.63	26.73	18.06	1 422.60	21.96	1 115.20	77.00	5 320.00	1 510.00
SBJ	陕西宝鸡	107.37	34.38	13.10	635.20	18.24	601.60	70.00	3 826.00	2 139.00
HYX 01—02	湖北郧西	110.43	33.01	15.30	797.70	20.23	731.30	74.00	4 734.40	1 840.00
HLS 01—02	湖南龙山	109.44	29.47	16.10	1 308.10	20.39	1 159.60	80.00	5 100.00	1 219.00
HYS 01—02	湖北英山	115.68	30.75	16.60	1 420.10	21.40	1 217.30	76.00	5 092.50	2 049.30
SSY	陕西山阳	109.87	33.55	13.10	721.00	17.98	673.10	71.00	4 142.70	2 133.80
HZD	湖北曾都	113.34	31.72	15.90	977.00	20.89	852.70	76.00	4 862.00	2 056.30
SSN	陕西商南	110.82	33.57	13.90	863.90	18.65	797.50	69.00	4 265.00	1 973.50
HYSH 01—03	湖南永顺	109.85	29.01	16.40	1 344.60	20.76	1 178.20	79.00	5 170.00	1 306.00

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 2

Table 5

Fig. 3

Table 6

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项目 item	LT/ μm	UET/ μm	LET/ μm	Pal/ μm	Spm/ μm	P/S	TST	TSP	SD/ (个·mm^-2)	SP/ μm	SA/ μm²	SAL/ μm	SAW/ μm
均值mean	195.93	13.03	11.55	67.55	100.02	0.71	0.35	0.51	340.25	81.74	324.70	24.09	17.02
最大值max	299.15	16.14	14.87	99.14	187.28	1.08	0.47	0.63	540.71	108.38	548.02	31.79	24.00
最小值min	115.59	8.33	7.25	39.05	47.01	0.42	0.26	0.39	219.00	38.43	173.52	14.52	11.64
极差extreme difference	183.56	7.81	7.62	60.09	140.27	0.66	0.21	0.24	321.71	69.95	374.50	17.27	12.36
标准差SD	24.20	1.34	1.24	7.90	20.37	0.33	0.04	0.05	69.28	9.10	70.66	2.55	2.28
变异系数/%CV	12.35	10.28	10.74	11.70	20.37	46.48	11.43	9.80	20.36	11.13	21.76	10.59	13.40
F	19.97^**	5.84^**	3.56^**	14.01^**	12.69^**	9.09^**	8.52^**	7.25^**	16.26^**	5.74^**	10.47^**	7.07^**	10.34^**

指标index	LT	UET	LET	Pal	Spm	P/S	TST	TSP	SD	SP	SA	SAL	SAW
LT	1.00
UET	0.26	1.00
LET	0.29	0.90^**	1.00			-
Pal	0.30	0.14	0.24	1.00
Spm	0.90^**	0.28	0.24	-0.01	1.00
P/S	-0.55^**	-0.14	-0.06	0.58^**	-0.81^**	1.00
TST	-0.58^**	-0.02	-0.01	0.50^**	-0.64^**	0.82^**	1.00
TSP	0.20	0.27	0.16	-0.33	0.57^**	-0.63^**	-0.09	1.00
SD	-0.13	0.21	0.23	0.12	-0.25	0.24	0.18	-0.16	1.00
SP	0.12	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.14	-0.07	-0.02	0.07	-0.63^**	1.00
SA	0.17	-0.06	-0.12	0.08	0.18	-0.07	0.01	0.11	-0.52^**	0.86^**	1.00	.
SAL	0.14	0.03	0.01	0.06	0.16	-0.07	-0.02	0.08	-0.62^**	0.99^**	0.92^**	1.00
SAW	0.17	-0.16	-0.24	0.09	0.17	-0.07	0.01	0.10	-0.36	0.61^**	0.93^**	0.70^**	1.00

排序轴 ordination axis	特征值 eigen value	叶特征与环境因子相关系数 correlation coefficient between leaf characteristics and environmental factors	叶特征累积解释量/% cumulative interpretation of leaf characteristics	叶特征-环境因子变化累积解释量/% cumulative interpretation of leaf characteristics- environmental factors change
第1轴axis 1	0.162	0.625	16.2	55.2
第2轴axis 2	0.051	0.522	21.3	72.4
第3轴axis 3	0.046	0.510	25.9	88.1
第4轴axis 4	0.014	0.521	27.3	93.1

指标 index	成分component
指标 index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
LT	0.351	-0.359	0.845	-0.094	-0.140
UET	0.325	-0.529	-0.103	0.699	-0.134
LET	0.303	-0.428	-0.104	0.791	-0.176
Pal	-0.004	0.495	0.803	0.275	0.083
Spm	0.512	-0.626	0.539	-0.154	0.173
P/S	-0.383	0.845	0.139	0.304	-0.087
TST	-0.171	0.722	0.061	0.383	0.538
TSP	0.370	-0.438	-0.144	0.018	0.801
SD	-0.724	-0.087	0.231	0.235	0.082
SP	0.882	0.281	-0.138	0.064	-0.015
SA	0.812	0.528	-0.037	-0.038	-0.054
SAL	0.896	0.346	-0.118	0.040	-0.025
SAW	0.534	0.579	0.067	-0.130	-0.077
特征值 eigen value	3.945	3.477	1.808	1.542	1.061
贡献率/% contribution rate	30.344	26.749	13.904	11.862	8.161
累积贡献率/% cumulative contribution rate	30.344	57.094	70.998	82.860	91.021

类群 group	LT/μm	UET/μm	LET/μm	Pal/μm	Spm/μm	P/S	TST	TSP	SD/ (个·mm^-2)	SP/μm	SA/μm²	SAL/μm	SAW/μm
Ⅰ	208.12±15.80	13.17±0.71	11.59±0.71	68.78±6.12	111.75±10.73	0.62±0.07	0.33±0.02	0.53±0.02	336.25±37.38	84.36±2.76	343.03±14.82	24.86±0.66	17.54±0.65
Ⅱ	208.57±14.95	13.48±0.77	11.91±0.67	69.96±6.58	112.39±11.53	0.63±0.09	0.34±0.05	0.54±0.06	321.99±32.17	90.44±3.87	404.63±24.95	26.74±0.95	19.22±0.94
Ⅲ	204.34±9.08	13.25±0.88	11.66±0.91	70.12±5.30	104.95±7.56	0.68±0.07	0.34±0.02	0.51±0.02	441.14±13.66	79.31±5.98	329.81±35.81	23.64±1.59	17.72±1.01
F	0.41	0.65	0.73	0.24	2.39	1.83	0.53	2.56	67.25^**	24.34^**	35.34^**	29.25^**	17.26^**

Leaf structure variations and relationship with environmental factors among germplasm resources of Vernicia fordii

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