Affecting factors analysis of functional diversity at different forest strata in an old growth forest community in Yachang Natural Reserve

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208030

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 28-38.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208030

Special Issue: 专题报道：自然保护地森林生态系统研究

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Affecting factors analysis of functional diversity at different forest strata in an old growth forest community in Yachang Natural Reserve

WANG Yaoyi(), WANG Hongxiang^*(), WANG Yongqiang, ZENG Wenhao, YE Shaoming

College of Forestry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

Received:2022-08-13 Revised:2022-09-19 Online:2024-09-30 Published:2024-10-03
Contact: WANG Hongxiang E-mail:1693843668@qq.com;wanghongxiang168@126.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Functional diversity is crucial for forest biodiversity protection and maintenance of ecosystem stability. Exploring the characteristics and causes of functional diversity variation at different stratum levels will assist in understanding the maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity and plant community assembly processes. 【Method】 Leaf traits and environmental factors were collected from forest plot data from an 1.6 hm² evergreen broadleaved forest in Guangxi Yachang Orchidaceae National Natural Reserve. K-means partitioning and Gaussian kernel density estimation were used for stratification. The direct and indirect effects of species diversity and environmental factors (light, topography, and soil) on functional diversity were explored in different forest strata using structural equation models. 【Result】 The diversity indices of the understory were greater than those of the canopy (P<0.05). Species diversity had a significant direct impact on all four functional diversity indices in the understory layer, whereas only the functional richness index (FRic) and quadratic entropy (RAOQ) indices were affected directly by species diversity in the canopy layer (P<0.05). A significant indirect effect (β = 0.278, P<0.01) of canopy openness on FRic index and a direct effect (β = -0.593, P<0.01) of canopy openness on functional evenness index (FEve) were found for understory trees. Topographic factors affected canopy functional diversity. Specifically, there was a relatively significant direct effect of aspect on FEve (β = -0.420, P<0.01) and RAOQ (β = -0.300, P<0.05) indices for canopy trees. Soil factors mainly affected the functional diversity of different forest layers through species diversity. Soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, and available potassium content had a greater effect on the functional diversity of the understory, whereas soil total potassium content affected the FRic and RAOQ indices of the canopy. 【Conclusion】 There were marked differences in the characteristics of functional diversity at different forest stratum in the study area. Functional diversity was mainly affected by species diversity, canopy openness, and soil nutrients of understory plants, whereas topographic factors determined the functional diversity of the canopy layer. This study reveals the effects of biological and abiotic environmental factors on functional diversity across different forest layers and expands the understanding of the diversity of vertical stratification. The findings provide a further reference for biodiversity protection in natural forests.

Key words: old-growth forest, canopy, understory, functional diversity, structural equation model (SEM)

CLC Number:

S718

WANG Yaoyi, WANG Hongxiang, WANG Yongqiang, ZENG Wenhao, YE Shaoming. Affecting factors analysis of functional diversity at different forest strata in an old growth forest community in Yachang Natural Reserve[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(5): 28-38.

Figures/Tables 9

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土壤因子 soil factors	第1主成分 PCA1	第2主成分 PCA2
酸碱度 pH	0.39	0.24
全氮含量 TN	-0.44	0.17
有机碳含量 OC	-0.45	0.11
全磷含量 TP	0.08	0.57
全钾含量 TK	0.33	0.38
碱解氮含量 AHN	-0.41	0.25
有效磷含量 AP	-0.14	0.27
有效钾含量 AK	-0.07	0.54
土壤含水率 SMC	-0.38	-0.09
方差解释率 explained variance ratio	0.48	0.29
累积解释率 cumulative explained variance	0.48	0.77

林层 layer	物种丰富度 SR	香农指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	均匀度指数 Pielou index	功能丰富度 FRic	功能均匀度 FEve	功能分歧度 FDiv	二次熵指数 RAOQ
林分整体stand	27.25±4.37 a	2.49±0.37 a	0.86±0.07 a	0.75±0.09 a	9.66±5.42 a	0.63±0.06 b	0.85±0.04 b	3.45±0.84 a
林冠层canopy	11.83±2.51 c	1.71±0.33 c	0.71±0.10 c	0.70±0.10 b	0.50±0.61 c	0.63±0.07 b	0.89±0.06 a	2.73±0.96 b
林下层understory	22.5±4.24 b	2.30±0.50 b	0.81±0.14 b	0.74±0.14 ab	5.66±3.62 b	0.67±0.08 a	0.85±0.06 b	3.54±0.92 a

指标 index	Shannon	SR	Simpson	Pielou	PCA1	PCA2	Slope	Aspect	Convexity
SR	0.73^***
Simpson	0.97^***	0.63^***
Pielou	0.97^***	0.56^***	0.97^***
PCA1	0.12	-0.10	0.08	0.16
PCA2	0.63^***	0.40^**	0.60^***	0.64^***	-0.09
Slope	0.15	0.00	0.15	0.18	-0.29	0.19
Aspect	0.08	0.32	0.06	-0.01	-0.07	0.31	0.14
Convexity	0.12	0.17	0.16	0.10	-0.32^*	0.19	0.04	0.14
Co	-0.26	0.26	-0.23	-0.40^**	-0.43^**	-0.32^*	-0.12	0.21	0.34^*

指标 index	Shannon	SR	Simpson	Pielou	PCA1	PCA2	Slope	Aspect
SR	0.72^***
Simpson	0.92^***	0.46^**
Pielou	0.90^***	0.36^*	0.97^***
PCA1	0.26	-0.07	0.29	0.38^*
PCA2	0.58^***	0.44^**	0.54^***	0.51^***	-0.09
Slope	0.24	0.35^*	0.17	0.11	-0.29	0.19
Aspect	0.39^*	0.18	0.42^**	0.41^**	-0.07	0.31	0.14
Convexity	-0.002	0.22	-0.05	-0.12	-0.32^*	0.19	0.04	0.14

Affecting factors analysis of functional diversity at different forest strata in an old growth forest community in Yachang Natural Reserve

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[1]	YE Limin, XU Yuanke, ZHOU Yizhi, CHEN Zhenglu, WANG Yixiang, GE Hongli. Comprehensive effect of understory medicinal herb cultivation on individual volume growth in near-mature, mature and overmature Cunninghamia lanceolata forests [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(5): 48-56.
[2]	TIAN Chunhong, LI Mingyang, LI Tao, LI Dengpan, TIAN Lei. Estimation of forest net primary productivity based on sentinel active and passive remote sensing data and canopy height [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(4): 132-140.
[3]	SUI Xiran, ZHAO Qingjun, ZHOU Xiaoqing, CHEN Juan, CHEN Jing, PENG Qian, ZHANG Zengxin. Response of plant diversity under Platycladus orientalis plantation to canopy density in Xuzhou [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(4): 219-226.
[4]	WANG Yunni, CAO Gongxiang, XU Lihong, CHEN Shengnan. Evapotranspiration characteristics of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and its impact factors in the Daqing Mountains of Inner Mongolia [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(4): 148-156.
[5]	LIU Xiangquan, ZHAO Renfei, ZHU Yanfang, DENG Shiming, LI Jitao, DENG Zhijun. Mechanisms of seed vigour changes in the canopy seed bank of Koelreuteria bipinnata [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(2): 35-41.
[6]	HE Ping, YU Ying, FAN Wenyi, YANG Xiguang. Remote sensing estimation of plantation canopy closure based on 4-Scale model [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(1): 23-30.
[7]	GUO Hongting, JI Xiaofang, WANG Cheng, ZOU Hanlu, WANG Liyan, JIANG Jiang. Spatial variability and influencing factors of plant diversity in the shrub layers of artificial forests in China [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(4): 144-152.
[8]	LI Tao, LI Mingyang, QIAN Chunhua. Combining crown density to estimate forest net primary productivity by using remote sensing data [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(5): 153-160.
[9]	ZHAO Yinghui, YANG Haicheng, ZHEN Zhen. Tree height estimations for different forest canopies in natural secondary forests based on ULS, TLS and ultrasonic altimeter systems [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(4): 23-32.
[10]	DONG Lingbo, LIU Zhaogang. Forest health assessments and multi-scale conversion methods [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(3): 206-216.
[11]	LIU Zixuan, JIA Cun, QIN Zhiqiang, LI Yongning. Effects of light conditions on the growth of understory Picea meyeri sapling in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(6): 111-117.
[12]	LUO Yan, HE Pengjun, LYU Qian, FAN Chuan, FENG Maosong, LI Xianwei, CHEN Luman. Early effect of target tree management on carbon storage in Pinus massoniana plantations [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(2): 206-214.
[13]	HUANG Xiao, YUN Ting, XUE Lianfeng, HU Chunhua, CHEN Bangqian . Influence of forest canopy shape on windbreak variables using a fluid simulation technique [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(02): 107-113.
[14]	WANG Jingjing, BI Huaxing^1,2,3,4*, SUN Yubo, DUAN Hangqi, PENG Ruidong. Improved model of canopy shading for fruit tree [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2018, 42(05): 135-140.
[15]	MA Huijun, ZHANG Yakun, XU Wenhuan, GE Zhiwei, RUAN Honghua. Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil microbial community C-source metabolism of poplar plantation [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2017, 41(05): 1-6.