Abstract: In order to further discuss the evolutionary relationship among Camellia meiocarpa native varieties, the pollen morphology of C. meiocarpa native varieties and the correlation between pollen and main fruit economic traits were studied, and the relationship among C. meiocarpa native varieties as well as their close relative species was also analyzed in this study. Results showed that the pollen morphology, polar view and equatorial view of C. meiocarpa native varieties were similar and all possessed the species characteristics of Camellia pollen, but there were distinctive differences in pollen exine ornament. The results of correlation analysis showed that the polar axis length(P)and P/E (E equatorind axis)value of pollen was significantly or extremely related to the fruit width, fruit length, fruit weight, pericarp thickness, oil rate of fresh fruit and kernel rate of seed of C. meiocarpa, respectively. And no significant correlation was presented among other traits. Compared with the 36 species of Camellia, pollen morphology especially the pollen grain size of C. meiocarpa native varieties had significant differences with the species of Section Theopsis, Paracamellia, Furfuracea, Tuberculata, Camelliliopsis, Protocamellia, Archecamellia, Chrysantha and Thea. But the pollen grain size of C. meiocarpa native varieties was similar to the most species of Section Oleifera and Camellia, which indicated that C. meiocarpa has close genetic relationship with the species of Section Oleifera and Camellia.