Abstract: 【Objective】In order to provide an objective basis for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of resources in Huangshan Mountaion, we studied the diversity of plants, discussed the species composition and structure of the community, and improved the research on diversity of forest vegetation in this study. 【Method】Three communities of different elevations and habitats in Huangshan Mountaion were investigated by using the sampling survey method. We analyzed the species composition, floristic characteristics, species diversity of three communities and this similarity among the three communities evaluated by Jaccard community similarity principle. 【Results】There were 124 species(including varieties)which belong to 76 genera and 39 families within the 3 600 m². The floristic characteristics was significant, harboring both subtropical and temperate elements, and the latter was superior. Dominance of tree layers was largest, the change trend of species richness was consistent with that of the diversity, which showed up as shrub layers>tree layers>herb layers. Species richness and diversity of the three communities were manifested as Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ. The structures of communities were moderately dissimilar, which similarity among these were Ⅰand Ⅱ>Ⅰand Ⅲ>Ⅱand Ⅲ. 【Conclusion】On the whole, the plants in Huangshan obviously change along with the elevation, the dominant species of the tree layer was dominant, the species was single, occupying the top space, the shrub layer vegetation was rich and evenly distributed, which was the main structure of the community, and the herbaceous layer occupied less space. The diversity of the three communities was low, meantime the similarity level was low, and many species distributed in different altitudes were different, which was associated with vegetation degradation and replacement. According to the actual situation of Huangshan vegetation community, it is suggested that the appropriate intervening forest protection and the intermittent protection of protected areas would promote the growth and even distribution of the seedlings and shrubs under the forest, and complete the regeneration succession of the forest, so as to develop the stable community.