Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilization on the physiological characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202109025

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 81-88.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202109025

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Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilization on the physiological characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage

LIANG Wenchao¹(), BU Xing¹, LUO Siqian¹, XIE Yinfeng¹^,^*(), ZHANG Wangxiang¹, HU Jialin²

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Beijing Municipal Administration of Rivers and Lakes,Beijing 100089,China

Received:2021-09-12 Revised:2021-11-08 Online:2022-09-30 Published:2022-10-19
Contact: XIE Yinfeng E-mail:liangwenchao77@163.com;xxyyff@njfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The physiological characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ were investigated under nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) compound fertilization to provide a theoretical basis for its rejuvenation cultivation after warming and promotion of flowering. 【Method】 In this study, a quadratic regression orthogonal fertilization experiment design was adopted using five-year-old grafted seedlings of ‘Changshouguan’, along with N, P, K factors. The root fertilization experiment of ‘Changshouuan’ was performed two months after flowering in the same year, and soluble sugar and protein, endogenous hormone, and protective enzyme activities were determined in the plant leaves. 【Results】 (1) Compared with the control, the soluble sugar and protein concentrations in leaves under combined N, P and K fertilizer treatments increased significantly (P<0.05), and the concentrations in leaves under treatment 3 (N₃P₃K₂) were 40.60% and 25.89% higher than those in the control, respectively. (2) The POD and SOD activities in leaves increased, whereas the MDA content decreased when different proportions of N, P and K compound fertilization were applied. Treatments 2 and 3 (N₃P₂K₁ and N₃P₃K₂) were more effective than control (P<0.05). (3) The combined application of N, P and K fertilizer had a significant effect on the endogenous hormone concentrations (ABA, IAA, GA₃ and ZR) of ‘Changshouguan’. Although appropriate fertilization increased the contents of IAA, GA₃ and ZR in leaves, it decreased the ABA content. The ratio of total IAA, GA₃ and ZR contents to that of ABA in treatment groups increased by varying degrees. Correlation analysis revealed that the concentrations of IAA, GA₃ and ZR were correlated positively with those of soluble sugar and protein and the activities of POD and SOD in leaves, whereas negatively with those of MDA. The correlation between ABA and the physiological characteristics of leaves was opposite to that between ABA and other hormones. (4) Anova indicated that N was the most important factor affecting leaf physiological characteristics among the three fertilizer factors. Multiple comparative analyses exhibited that the N level had significant effects on all physiological indexes, while P and K had varyingly significant effects on them. Comprehensive analysis of subordinate function revealed that the best combination of N, P and K fertilizer for improving leaf physiological function was N₃P₃K₂ treatment, that is, 1.2 g N, 0.3 g P, and 0.4 g K per plant. 【Conclusion】 Appropriate N, P, K compound fertilization can effectively improve the nutritional function and the antioxidant capacity of ‘Changshouguan’ leaves after warming and flowering promotion, which may be related to the regulation of endogenous hormones.

Key words: Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’, N、P、K compound fertilization, physiological function, endogenous hormone, comprehensive evaluation

CLC Number:

S718

LIANG Wenchao, BU Xing, LUO Siqian, XIE Yinfeng, ZHANG Wangxiang, HU Jialin. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilization on the physiological characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(5): 81-88.

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编号 No.	处理 treatment	w(SS)/ (mg·g^-1)	w(SP)/ (mg·g^-1)	POD活性/ (U·g^-1) POD activity	SOD活性/ (U·g^-1) SOD activity	m(MDA)/ (μmol·g^-1)
CK	N₀P₀K₀	9.31±0.37 e	31.06±1.40 g	10.38±0.60 c	149.08±10.32 h	55.83±5.21 a
1	N₃P₁K₃	13.03±0.53 a	38.75±0.89 b	12.56±0.34 a	192.30±17.31 b	42.02±2.74 c
2	N₃P₂K₁	13.71±1.34 a	38.90±1.64 b	12.72±1.76 a	199.40±19.82 a	43.76±3.63 c
3	N₃P₃K₂	13.97±0.37 a	40.91±1.57 a	12.86±0.62 a	199.03±15.41 a	43.07±4.01 c
4	N₂P₁K₂	11.67±0.60 b	35.32±2.13 ef	11.18±0.61 b	163.96±16.06 de	46.54±2.36 bc
5	N₂P₂K₃	11.76±0.90 b	36.09±1.09 de	11.33±1.32 b	167.60±19.28 cd	47.87±2.56 bc
6	N₂P₃K₁	11.51±1.16 bc	38.17±1.81 c	11.57±1.26 b	174.42±16.16 c	44.63±3.46 bc
7	N₁P₁K₁	10.18±0.43 d	35.09±2.43 fg	10.89±1.35 bc	153.13±18.41 g	48.38±6.67 bc
8	N₁P₂K₂	10.51±0.12 bcd	35.49±2.60 f	11.02±1.04 bc	158.52±11.23 fg	47.48±3.90 b
9	N₁P₃K₃	10.61±0.46 cd	37.74±1.16 d	10.59±1.04 bc	160.58±19.73 ef	49.90±4.77 b
显著性 sig.	N	0.011	0.005	0.003	0.003	0.011
	P	0.259	0.022	0.480	0.091	0.366
	K	0.428	0.939	0.782	0.668	0.251

元素 element	施肥水平 fertilization level	w(ABA)/ (ng·g^-1)	w(GA₃)/ (ng·g^-1)	w(IAA)/ (ng·g^-1)	w(ZR)/ (ng·g^-1)	SOD活性/ (U·g^-1) SOD activity	POD活性/ (U·g^-1) POD activity	m(MDA)/ (μmol·g^-1)	w(SS)/ (mg·g^-1)	w(SP)/ (mg·g^-1)
	N₁	72.76 a	6.95 a	72.88 a	9.54 a	175.95 a	12.38 a	56.06 a	10.62 a	31.86 a
N	N₂	66.31 b	7.68 b	79.38 b	10.37 b	189.82 b	13.43 b	53.49 b	11.51 b	33.05 b
	N₃	57.78 c	8.40 c	90.54 c	11.38 c	218.58 c	14.95 c	48.63 c	12.86 c	36.56 c
	P₁	66.23 a	7.61 a	79.69 a	10.40 a	190.37 a	13.51 a	52.67 a	11.43 a	32.87 c
P	P₂	65.42 a	7.62 a	81.18 a	10.35 a	196.19 a	13.60 a	53.27 a	11.72 a	33.46 b
	P₃	66.19 a	7.78 a	81.91 a	10.52 a	197.81 a	13.64 a	52.23 a	11.82 a	35.13 a
	K₁	68.26 a	7.63 a	80.09 a	10.28 b	193.94 a	13.63 a	51.93 a	11.54 a	33.77 a
K	K₂	66.19 b	7.66 a	80.11 a	10.25 b	194.74 a	13.56 a	53.11 a	11.62 a	33.84 a
	K₃	62.41c	7.72 a	82.59 a	10.74 a	195.68 a	13.57 a	53.14 a	11.81 a	33.84 a

编号 No.	处理 treatment	激素含量/(ng·g^-1)contents of endogenous hormones				m(IAA+ ZR+ GA₃)/ m(ABA)
编号 No.	处理 treatment	ABA	IAA	ZR	GA₃	m(IAA+ ZR+ GA₃)/ m(ABA)
CK	N₀P₀K₀	96.57±2.42 a	69.66±1.57 g	9.09±0.30 f	6.27±0.07 f	0.88±0.013 9 e
1	N₃P₁K₃	57.29±2.63 g	88.84±1.12 b	11.32±0.19 a	8.07±0.13 b	1.88±0.011 8 a
2	N₃P₂K₁	63.71±1.91 f	95.98±0.87 a	10.78±0.18 ab	8.26±0.11 b	1.81±0.007 9 a
3	N₃P₃K₂	63.29±2.66 f	94.34±2.10 ab	10.74±0.13 ab	8.35±0.11 a	1.79±0.006 5 a
4	N₂P₁K₂	68.20±1.68 de	78.49±0.13 cde	10.70±0.26 cd	7.19±0.16 d	1.41±0.017 6 bc
5	N₂P₂K₃	66.84±1.96 ef	82.13±1.31 cd	11.05±0.30 bc	7.39±0.26 cd	1.50±0.011 3 b
6	N₂P₃K₁	76.82±1.52 cd	80.79±0.66 c	10.53±0.33 c	7.37±0.24 c	1.28±0.004 6 c
7	N₁P₁K₁	75.46±1.08 b	74.79±0.86 ef	9.51±0.13 ef	7.07±0.03 e	1.21±0.002 4 d
8	N₁P₂K₂	77.19±2.03 bc	73.51±1.04 fg	9.78±0.26 f	6.78±0.11 e	1.17±0.011 9 d
9	N₁P₃K₃	70.26±1.14 cd	75.79±1.51 efg	10.23±0.40 de	6.96±0.23 e	1.32±0.006 7 c
	N	0.008	0.005	0.002	0.014	0.026
显著性sig.	P	0.633	0.249	0.204	0.443	0.233
	K	0.049	0.171	0.026	0.756	0.455

指标index	GA₃	IAA	ZR	SS	SP	POD	SOD	MDA
ABA	-0.889^**	-0.760^*	-0.957^**	-0.700^*	-0.734^*	-0.742^*	-0.762^*	0.872^**
GA₃		0.937^**	0.954^**	0.871^**	0.891^**	0.908^**	0.904^**	-0.973^**
IAA			0.884^**	0.961^**	0.923^**	0.980^**	0.985^**	-0.929^**
ZR				0.818^**	0.860^**	0.876^**	0.879^**	-0.931^**
SS					0.891^**	0.974^**	0.976^**	-0.830^**
SP						0.901^**	0.939^**	-0.882^**
POD							0.981^**	-0.890^**
SOD								-0.895^**

编号No.	D	排序rank
CK	0.155	10
1	0.854	3
2	0.944	2
3	0.987	1
4	0.436	6
5	0.531	4
6	0.521	5
7	0.379	7
8	0.242	9
9	0.327	8

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilization on the physiological characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage

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编号 No.	处理 treatment	施用量/(g·株^-1) fertilization amount
编号 No.	处理 treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	N₀P₀K₀	0.0	0.0	0.0
1	N₃P₁K₃	1.2	0.1	0.6
2	N₃P₂K₁	1.2	0.2	0.2
3	N₃P₃K₂	1.2	0.3	0.4
4	N₂P₁K₂	0.8	0.1	0.4
5	N₂P₂K₃	0.8	0.2	0.6
6	N₂P₃K₁	0.8	0.3	0.2
7	N₁P₁K₁	0.4	0.1	0.2
8	N₁P₂K₂	0.4	0.2	0.4
9	N₁P₃K₃	0.4	0.3	0.6

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