Simulation study on fire behavior on the China-Mongolia border in windless conditions

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202109022

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 65-72.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202109022

Special Issue: 林草计算机应用研究专题

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Simulation study on fire behavior on the China-Mongolia border in windless conditions

WANG Liming¹^,²(), WANG Ruotong², LI Yong³^,^*(), ZHANG Heng²^,^*()

1. Monitoring & Planning Institute of Inner Mongolia Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hohhot 010020, China
2. College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
3. China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, China

Received:2021-09-09 Revised:2022-10-18 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The China-Mongolia border is prone to grassland fires in Erenhot, the East Ujimqin Banner and the New Barag Right Banner, threatening livelihoods and the local environment. Studying the parameters of fire behavior for grassland fuel on the China-Mongolia border in windless conditions can provide a theoretical basis for the grassland fuel management and grassland fire prevention. 【Method】Based on field investigations and sample collection, a combustion bed and thermocouple were used to simulate and measure the behavior of combustibles, and the fire behavior indexes were simulated and analyzed. 【Result】Simulations for windless conditions in Erenhot, the East Ujimqin Banner and the New Barag Right Banner, respectively, showed a fire intensity of 780.44, 805.80 and 1 195.60 kW/m; a spread rate of 0.61, 0.45, 0.67 m/min; an average flame height of 30.30, 35.53,33.90 cm; average flame temperature of 481.97, 529.33 and 389.93 ℃; heat radiation, 0.45, 1.20 and 1.44 kW/m², and blocking time of combustibles, 28, 15 and 22 s. 【Conclusion】 Long periods of temperature fluctuation are observed for grassland fires in Erenhot, and the risk of fire is high. In the East Ujimqin Banner, the smoldering heat radiation of combustibles is close to flame heat radiation and the holding power of fires is strong, making grassland fires likely.

Key words: grasslands fines, windless condition, fire behavior simulation, China-Mongolia border

CLC Number:

S812.6

WANG Liming, WANG Ruotong, LI Yong, ZHANG Heng. Simulation study on fire behavior on the China-Mongolia border in windless conditions[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(5): 65-72.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Table 3

Descriptive statistics scales for grassland combustible fire behavior in the China-Mongolia border"

火行为参数 fire behavior parameters	采样点 sampling point	均值 mean	标准差 SD	标准误 SE	95% 置信区间 95% confidence interval		极小值 min	极大值 max
火行为参数 fire behavior parameters	采样点 sampling point	均值 mean	标准差 SD	标准误 SE	下限 lower bound	上限 upper bound	极小值 min	极大值 max
火焰持续时间/s flame duration	EC	117.66	17.03	9.83	75.33	159.99	98.00	128.00
	EWB	135.00	16.370	9.45	94.33	175.66	121.00	153.00
	XBRB	94.33	13.65	7.88	60.42	128.24	82.00	109.00
阴燃时间/s smoldering time	EC	60.53	24.79	14.31	-1.04	122.10	32.20	78.20
	EWB	41.53	14.32	8.27	5.96	77.11	25.00	50.00
	XBRB	49.00	6.94	4.01	31.76	66.24	43.00	56.60
火焰高度/cm flame height	EC	30.30	4.80	2.77	18.37	42.23	24.90	34.10
	EWB	35.53	5.05	2.92	22.99	48.08	30.50	40.60
	XBRB	33.90	4.23	2.44	23.38	44.42	30.70	38.70
火焰温度/℃ flame temperature	EC	481.97	19.43	11.22	433.70	530.24	470.40	504.40
	EWB	529.33	23.59	13.62	470.73	587.93	502.10	543.40
	XBRB	389.93	18.00	10.39	345.22	434.65	378.80	410.70
阴燃温度/℃ smoldering temperature	EC	324.67	51.83	29.92	195.92	453.42	289.60	384.20
	EWB	267.97	60.69	35.04	117.21	418.72	198.70	311.80
	XBRB	166.67	29.20	16.86	94.14	239.19	133.80	189.60
蔓延速度/(m·min^-1) rate of spread	EC	0.61	0.10	0.06	0.37	0.85	0.52	0.71
	EWB	0.45	0.05	0.03	0.34	0.57	0.41	0.50
	XBRB	0.67	0.10	0.06	0.42	0.92	0.57	0.77
阴燃热辐射/(kW·m^-2) smoldering heat radiation	EC	0.16	0.08	0.04	-0.03	0.35	0.08	0.23
	EWB	0.64	0.05	0.03	0.51	0.77	0.60	0.70
	XBRB	0.17	0.03	0.02	0.10	0.25	0.14	0.20
热辐射/(kW·m^-2) heat radiation	EC	0.45	0.08	0.05	0.25	0.65	0.38	0.54
	EWB	1.20	0.28	0.16	0.51	1.90	0.88	1.39
	XBRB	1.44	0.40	0.23	0.44	2.45	1.01	1.81
火强度/(kW·m^-1) fire intensity	EC	780.44	169.77	98.02	358.69	1 202.18	644.40	970.70
	EWB	805.80	279.03	161.10	112.65	1 498.95	555.24	1 106.50
	XBRB	1 195.60	268.78	155.18	527.92	1 863.28	913.50	1 448.70
消耗量/kg consumption	EC	0.09	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.16	0.06	0.12
	EWB	0.12	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.18	0.09	0.14
	XBRB	0.11	0.04	0.02	0.01	0.20	0.08	0.15
烧损率/% burnout rate	EC	35.90	11.27	6.50	7.89	63.90	23.61	45.76
	EWB	49.22	2.77	1.59	42.34	56.10	46.24	51.71
	XBRB	72.81	3.84	2.21	63.28	82.34	68.99	76.66

Table 3

Fig. 3

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采样点 sampling point	地理坐标 geographic coordinates	年均降水量/mm average annual precipitation	年均蒸发量/mm annual average evaporation	干旱指数 drought index	年均气温/℃ annual average temperature	年极端气温/℃ extreme temperature
采样点 sampling point	地理坐标 geographic coordinates	年均降水量/mm average annual precipitation	年均蒸发量/mm annual average evaporation	干旱指数 drought index	年均气温/℃ annual average temperature	最高 max	最低 min
二连浩特Erenhot City(EC)	111°96 E,43°65'N	142.2	2 695	19.95	3.4	41.1	-37.1
东乌旗East Ujimqin Banner(EWB)	116°97 E,45°52'N	300.0	>3 000	4.10	1.6	39.7	-40.7
新巴尔虎右旗New Barag Right Banner(XBRB)	118°23E,48°22'N	247.3	2 000	8.09	0.3	40.2	-44.9

采样点 sampling point	载量/(kg·m^-2) loading capacity	平均厚度/mm average thickness	盖度/% coverage	灰分含量/% ash content	含水率/% moisture content	热值/(kJ·g^-1) calorific value
二连浩特市EC	0.34±0.13	6.18±1.79	21.5	11.77	29.44	16.32
东乌旗EWB	0.51±0.31	7.17±2.62	23.2	11.38	21.42	16.24
新巴尔虎右旗XBRB	0.16±0.06	4.31±1.46	16.1	8.34	24.79	17.12

Simulation study on fire behavior on the China-Mongolia border in windless conditions

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