Landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of Songhua River wetland in Harbin

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301009

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 219-226.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301009

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Landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of Songhua River wetland in Harbin

ZHAO Zhiqiang¹^,²^,³(), XU Xiaolong⁴, YUAN Qing¹^,²^,^*(), WU Yan⁴^,^*()

1. School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
2. Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150006, China
3. Harbin Institute of Urban and Rural Planning and Design, Harbin 150010, China
4. College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2023-01-05 Revised:2023-06-19 Online:2024-03-30 Published:2024-04-08

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The Songhua River wetland is the most important ecosystem barrier in Harbin. This paper quantitatively studied the evolution and main influencing factors of the landscape pattern of the Songhua River wetland ecosystem in Harbin over the past 20 years, and we aim to provide a reference for wetland planning. 【Method】 Choosing the Harbin basin and its surrounding ecological area as the research object, Landsat remote sensing images from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 were processed with the help of the GIS platform. The Fragstats software was used to analyze the regional landscape pattern index and explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the landscape pattern. Finally, SPSS was used for the statistical analysis of the factors affecting landscape pattern. 【Result】 (1) From 2000 to 2020, the water area (including wetland) continuously increased, while the cultivated-land area continuously decreased, which was the primary change feature of landscape pattern in the study area. The decreasing cultivated land was the main contributing factor of increasing water area, grassland, construction land, forest land and other land areas at 343.142 1, 2.484 9, 94.041 9, 35.469 0 and 1.980 0 km², respectively; among them, the growth rate of water area, grassland, forest area and other land area exceeded 100%, and the area expansion showed an upward trend. (2) From the perspective of plaque types, the degree of fragmentation of each plaque increased to varying degrees during the 20 years, and the wetland landscape type structure tended to be complicated. From the landscape-level perspective, the overall landscape richness has increased, but the connectivity was poor, and the degree of external interference was relatively significant. (3) Urban economic development, climate and industrial structure were the main driving factors to stimulate the change of landscape pattern of the Songhua River wetland in Harbin. With the establishment of the Songbei District and the rise of tourism, relevant infrastructure has crowded the space of some water areas (including wetlands) along the river; wetland marshes and cultivated land have been divided into numerous patches, the overall landscape pattern tends to be fragmented, and human drivers have gradually become the dominant factors. 【Conclusion】 The landscape type of the Songhua River wetland in Harbin is a complicated structure. As human influence factors become more profound, the fragmentation degree of water patches increases, there is a serious loss of cultivated-land area, and the contradiction between cultivated-land protection and ecological protection remains prominent.

Key words: Songhua River wetland, landscape pattern, driving factor, principal component analysis(PCA), Harbin City

CLC Number:

S759
X171.1

ZHAO Zhiqiang, XU Xiaolong, YUAN Qing, WU Yan. Landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of Songhua River wetland in Harbin[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(2): 219-226.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 29

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景观类型 landscape type	面积area					年变化量 annual variation
景观类型 landscape type	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2020年	年变化量 annual variation
耕地cultivated land	3 072.186 0	3 038.030 0	2 772.961 2	2 719.907 1	2 674.461 6	-19.886 2
林地forest land	26.055 9	31.134 6	35.168 4	45.280 8	58.866 3	1.640 5
草地grassland	1.085 4	0.237 6	0.199 8	0.984 6	2.507 4	1.422 0
建设用地built-up land	218.660 4	253.680 0	270.476 1	302.489 1	315.793 8	4.856 7
水域water area	256.184 1	250.602 0	495.254 7	503.354 7	520.074 9	13.194 5
其他用地other land	0.118 8	0.602 1	0.230 4	2.274 3	2.586 6	0.123 4

土地类型 landscape type		2020年
土地类型 landscape type		草地 grassland	耕地 cultivated land	建设用地 built-up land	林地 forest land	其他用地 other land	水域 water area	总计 total
	草地grassland	0.001 8	0.502 2	0.001 8	0.306 0		0.273 6	1.085 4
	耕地forest land	2.484 9	2 595.068 1	94.041 9	35.469 0	1.980 0	343.142 1	3 072.186 0
	建设用地built-up land			218.660 4				218.660 4
2000年	林地forest land	0.010 8	2.241 9	0.121 5	22.050 0		1.631 7	26.055 9
	其他用地other land		0.017 1				0.101 7	0.118 8
	水域water area	0.009 9	76.632 3	2.968 2	1.041 3	0.606 6	174.925 8	256.184 1
	总计total	2.507 4	2 674.461 6	315.793 8	58.866 3	2.586 6	520.074 9	3 574.290 6

主成分 composition	初始特征值initial eigenvalue			提取载荷平方和the sum of the extracted load squares
主成分 composition	总计 total	方差百分比/% percentage of variance	累积百分比/% cumulative percentage	总计 total	方差百分比/% percentage of variance	累积百分比/% cumulative percentage
PC1	4.554	56.930	56.930	4.554	56.930	56.930
PC2	1.562	19.526	76.456	1.562	19.526	76.456
PC3	1.013	12.667	89.123	1.013	12.667	89.123

因素 factor	主成分components
因素 factor	PC1	PC2	PC3
M₁	0.933	0.110	0.333
M₄	-0.927	-0.285	0.182
M₆	0.918	0.133	-0.192
M₅	0.832	-0.098	0.408
M₈	0.641	0.361	0.333
M₇	-0.347	0.857	0.041
M₂	-0.649	0.726	0.123
M₃	0.580	0.223	-0.733

Landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of Songhua River wetland in Harbin

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