Analysis of genetic diversity and construction of core collections of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) natural population

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304035

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 69-80.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304035

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Analysis of genetic diversity and construction of core collections of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) natural population

YAN Pingyu(), ZHANG Lei, WANG Jiaxing, FENG Kele, WANG Haohao, ZHANG Hanguo^*()

State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2023-04-25 Revised:2023-12-27 Online:2024-09-30 Published:2024-10-03
Contact: ZHANG Hanguo E-mail:1321830425@qq.com;hanguozhang1@sina.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) is a valuable tree species that is distributed throughout northeastern China. Over the past century, human interference has led to a gradual decrease in the number of individuals and distribution of its natural population. Assessing the genetic diversity and building a core collection of natural Korean pine could provide a scientific basis for the effective conservation, management, and utilization of Korean pine germplasm resources. 【Method】 A total of five well-preserved natural populations of Korean pine in Hebei, Wuying, Xiaobeihu and Jixi in Heilongjiang Province and Lushuihe in Jilin Province in northeast China were studied. A combination of phenotypic data and molecular markers was used to construct the core collection. 【Result】 Molecular and phenotypic ANOVA results showed that the genetic variation of Korean pine natural populations mainly originated from inter-individual differences, which accounted for 96% and 72.84% of the total variation, respectively. The Jixi population was genetically distant from other populations, with an average F_st of 0.026 8. It also had a high genetic diversity, with Shannon and phenotypic diversity index values of 1.111 and 2.00, respectively. The population structure analysis showed that the five Korean pine natural populations had no obvious subpopulation structure. There were no significant changes in the genetic diversity of Korean pine populations among the different forest ages. Additionally, in the younger forest there was no evidence of heterozygous deletions or inbreeding. There was a broad correlation between needle traits and geographic factors, resulting in the phenotypic differentiation of Korean pine populations. 【Conclusion】 The Shannon and phenotypic diversity indexes of the core collection constructed by combining molecular and phenotypic markers with a 30% sampling ratio were 1.076 and 2.018, respectively, which was representative of the genetic status of Korean pine populations. This information can be used to better manage the germplasm resources of Korean pine and promote its protection and use. The genetic structure characteristics indicated a need to focus on in situ protection of the natural germplasm and to promote ecological recovery, germplasm protection, and use of Korean pine.

Key words: Korean pine(Pinus koreciensis), natural populations, genetic diversity, genetic structure, core collection, forest breeding, native trees

CLC Number:

YAN Pingyu, ZHANG Lei, WANG Jiaxing, FENG Kele, WANG Haohao, ZHANG Hanguo. Analysis of genetic diversity and construction of core collections of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) natural population[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(5): 69-80.

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种源区 provenance	地点 location	采样点 site	个体数 number	经度E/ (°) longitude	纬度N/ (°) latitude	海拔/m elevation
小兴安岭 Xiaoxinganling	五营 WY	1	25	129.252 5	48.244 2	547
		2	25	129.241 3	48.191 6	367
		3	25	129.179 1	48.183 1	594
	鹤北 HB	1	25	130.308 7	48.078 2	458
		2	25	130.360 5	48.078 2	313
		3	25	130.284 3	48.089 0	419
老爷岭- 张广才岭 Laoyeling- Zhangguangcailing	鸡西 JX	1	25	130.917 9	44.810 4	663
		2	25	130.900 4	44.973 6	485
		3	25	130.906 9	44.883 1	588
	小北湖 XBH	1	22	128.566 0	44.212 0	790
		2	22	128.517 3	44.152 4	831
		3	22	128.525 0	44.179 6	742
长白山 Changbaishan	露水河 LSH	1	22	127.791 6	42.536 8	790
		2	22	127.765 9	42.514 4	775
		3	22	127.783 0	42.481 6	767

来源 source	自由度 df	平方和 SS	均方 MS	方差分量 Est. Var.	方差分量比例/% Est. Var. ratio
种群间 among pop	4	78.113	19.528	0.119	4
地点间 among location	352	920.644	2.615	0.000	0
个体间 within individual	357	966.000	2.706	2.706	96
总体 total	713	1 964.758		2.824	100

种群 population	等位基因数 N_a	有效等位基因数 N_e	Shannon 多样性指数 I	观测杂合度 H_o	期望杂合度 H_e	无偏期望杂合度 H_ue	固定指数 F
五营WY	63.000	2.865	1.037	0.467	0.501	0.505	0.042
鹤北HB	64.000	2.200	0.888	0.474	0.450	0.453	-0.015
鸡西JX	73.000	2.962	1.111	0.514	0.524	0.527	0.008
小北湖XBH	63.000	2.483	0.900	0.508	0.449	0.453	-0.087
露水河LSH	60.000	2.303	0.915	0.500	0.474	0.477	-0.069
总计total	92.000	2.712	1.055	0.492	0.500	0.501	0.010

种群 population	针叶长/ mm needle length	针叶宽/ mm needle width	针叶长宽比 needle aspect ratio	针叶鲜质量/ mg needle fresh mass	针叶干质量/ mg needle dry mass	含水量/% water content	叶绿素a 含量/ (mg·g^-1) Chl a	叶绿素b 含量/ (mg·g^-1) Chl b	总叶绿素含量/ (mg·g^-1) total Chl
五营WY	106.17 ab	0.70 b	150.40 a	705.2 ab	294.13 ab	0.58 c	1.27 c	0.47 c	1.74 c
鹤北HB	117.48 c	0.7 ab	170.42 b	769.64 b	311.65 b	0.59 d	1.29 c	0.52 c	1.81 c
鸡西JX	108.20 b	0.66 a	164.64 b	700.93 a	358.52 c	0.49 a	1.29 c	0.51 c	1.80 c
小北湖XBH	104.83 ab	0.71 b	150.74 a	660.24 a	277.65 a	0.58 c	0.85 a	0.30 a	1.15 a
露水河LSH	101.45 a	0.67 ab	151.99 a	679.71 a	310.06 b	0.54 b	1.03 b	0.38 b	1.41 b
总体total	107.86	0.69	157.94	704.82	311.24	0.56	1.16	0.44	1.60
F_种群间	13.871 0^**	3.942 2^**	9.673 5^**	5.777 6^**	15.657 5^**	104.569 2^**	37.132 3^**	44.326 4^**	42.815 7^**

参数 parameter	五营WY		鹤北HB		鸡西JX		小北湖XBH		露水河LSH		总体total
参数 parameter	H'	CV/%	H'	CV/%	H'	CV/%	H'	CV/%	H'	CV/%	H'	CV/%
针叶长needle length	2.00	13.26	2.06	11.84	1.97	13.57	1.99	12.00	1.93	12.62	2.05	13.58
针叶宽needle width	2.01	9.60	2.04	14.10	2.03	12.27	2.06	14.45	2.02	11.76	2.05	12.75
针叶长宽比needle aspect ratio	1.95	16.18	1.97	16.55	1.96	15.50	1.98	15.58	1.98	14.84	2.03	16.55
针叶鲜质量needle fresh mass	2.05	21.20	2.06	19.27	2.00	23.67	2.04	20.02	2.01	18.18	2.06	21.19
针叶干质量needle dry mass	2.06	21.50	1.89	19.77	2.02	22.75	2.06	19.88	1.97	18.66	2.05	22.52
含水量water content	1.82	4.48	1.69	6.70	2.01	10.76	1.86	5.55	1.96	5.15	1.92	9.84
叶绿素a含量 Chl a content	2.08	22.40	2.02	20.21	2.00	21.74	2.02	34.42	2.03	23.11	2.07	27.87
叶绿素b含量 Chl b content	1.93	24.03	2.01	20.75	2.03	27.93	1.87	36.94	1.80	30.01	2.06	32.74
总叶绿素含量Chl(a+b) content	2.04	22.05	2.07	19.36	2.01	22.75	1.99	33.02	2.04	23.71	2.06	28.27
均值mean	1.99	17.19	1.98	16.51	2.00	18.99	1.99	21.32	1.97	17.56	2.04	20.59

Analysis of genetic diversity and construction of core collections of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) natural population

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集合号 core No.	抽样依据 sampling basis	比例/% ratio	N_a	N_e	I	H_e	F	H'	MD/%	VD/%	VR/%	CR/%
1	分子+表型 molecular & phenotypic	10	6.182	2.779	1.073	0.509	0.069	1.938	10.00	10.00	100.19	70.26
2		20	7.000	2.809	1.082	0.512	0.050	1.986	20.00	10.00	101.68	75.85
3		30	7.273	2.769	1.076	0.511	0.029	2.018	0.00	10.00	105.27	89.17
4		40	7.818	2.692	1.062	0.502	0.025	2.025	0.00	0.00	102.18	90.63
5		50	8.182	2.703	1.062	0.502	0.010	2.034	0.00	0.00	100.45	90.68
	平均mean		7.291	2.750	1.071	0.507	0.037	2.000	6.00	6.00	101.95	83.32
6	分子 molecular	10	4.818	2.509	0.921	0.465	0.009	1.939	0.00	10.00	84.01	59.80
7		20	6.091	2.644	1.001	0.493	0.009	1.979	10.00	10.00	82.77	65.53
8		30	6.636	2.741	1.043	0.504	0.018	1.992	20.00	10.00	96.22	85.93
9		40	7.455	2.713	1.042	0.496	0.022	2.014	30.00	10.00	91.95	87.05
10		50	7.545	2.735	1.049	0.497	0.022	2.011	30.00	10.00	92.22	88.83
	平均mean		6.509	2.668	1.011	0.491	0.016	1.987	18.00	10.00	89.43	77.43
11	表型 phenotypic	10	5.455	2.577	0.968	0.472	0.041	1.900	0.00	0.00	82.49	67.32
12		20	6.182	2.788	1.034	0.498	0.025	1.962	0.00	10.00	87.70	81.48
13		30	7.000	2.773	1.040	0.497	0.032	2.006	0.00	0.00	87.30	81.74
14		40	7.273	2.742	1.047	0.498	0.027	2.011	0.00	0.00	88.59	84.00
15		50	7.545	2.708	1.044	0.495	0.020	2.023	30.00	0.00	89.59	87.68
	平均mean		6.691	2.718	1.027	0.492	0.029	1.980	6.00	2.00	87.14	80.44

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