Diffuse radiation environment of regeneration seedlings and saplings under a broadleaved-Korean pine forest

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202305007

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 145-156.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202305007

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Diffuse radiation environment of regeneration seedlings and saplings under a broadleaved-Korean pine forest

DU Xin¹(), DONG Xue¹, GU Huiyan¹^,², CHEN Xiangwei¹^,²^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Northeastern Forest Silviculture, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
2. Liangshui National Key Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem, Yichun 153000, China

Received:2023-05-07 Revised:2024-03-06 Online:2024-11-30 Published:2024-12-10
Contact: CHEN Xiangwei E-mail:1608898299@qq.com;chenxwnefu@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to determine the light intensity requirements for the regeneration of seedlings and saplings in mixed broadleaved-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests. Additionally, it seeks to investigate how the regeneration of different tree species responds to variations in light intensity. This research guides the scientific management and conservation efforts of broadleaved-Korean pine forests and their ecosystems.【Method】The research focused on nine common tree species: Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Ulmus davidiana, Acer pictum, Acer tegmentosum, Acer ukurunduense, Tilia amurensis, and Fraxinus mandshurica, across four plots in the Liangshui National Nature Reserve. The weighted inside-boundary neighbor diffuse shading degree (WINDSD) was computed for the planting habitats of each seedling and sapling. The mean, standard deviation, and distribution tendency degree of WINDSD were calculated for the planting habitats of each tree species’ seedlings and saplings. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to identify significant differences in WINDSD among the planting habitats of each tree species and uniformly distribute sample points beneath the broadleaved-Korean pine forest canopy. The analysis is extended to compare the differences in WINDSD among the planting habitats of seedlings and saplings for each tree species. Additionally, the Monte Carlo method was utilized to ascertain significant differences in the distribution tendency degree of WINDSD between the planting habitats of seedlings and saplings for various tree species populations and a random distribution population of equivalent size for each tree species.【Result】The analysis revealed that the mean and standard deviation of WINDSD for the uniformly distributed sample points of the broadleaved-Korean pine forest were 0.538 and 0.213, respectively, with a distribution tendency degree of 1.069. Among the seedlings and saplings of the nine tree species studied, only Ulmus japonica and Fraxinus mandshurica saplings exhibited a lower average value and distribution tendency degree of WINDSD compared to the uniformly distributed sample points in the forest. The analysis also indicated that the diffuse radiation intensity within the saplings’ planting habitats for Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, and Tilia davidiana was weaker compared to those designated for seedling regeneration. The Monte Carlo and Mann-Whitney U tests highlighted that the WINDSD in the planting habitats of seedlings for Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Ulmus davidiana, Acer pictum, Acer tegmentosum, and Fraxinus mandshurica was significantly higher than that of the uniformly distributed sample points. In contrast, the WINDSD values for the planting habitats of Acer ukurunduense and Tilia amurensis seedlings did not significantly differ from those of the uniformly distributed sample points in the forest. For saplings, the WINDSD values in the planting habitats of Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, and Abies nephrolepis were significantly higher compared to the uniformly distributed sample points, whereas those for the saplings of other species did not significantly differ. Additionally, the Mann-Whitney U test indicated significant differences in WINDSD between the planting habitats of saplings and seedlings for Ulmus japonica and Acer mono (P<0.05).【Conclusion】The findings suggest that seedlings and saplings of the primary tree species in the broadleaved-Korean pine forest are usually found in areas with weaker light on the forest floor. Compared to seedlings, saplings tend to establish in habitats with slightly stronger light intensity. Different tree species exhibit varied responses to light intensity variations under the forest canopy. The differences in light intensity between habitats for seedlings and saplings are not pronounced for Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, and Abies nephrolepis, whereas the light intensity in the sapling habitats of Ulmus davidiana, Acer pictum, and Acer tegmentosum is significantly higher than in their seedling regeneration areas.

Key words: broadleaved-Korean pine forest, natural forest regeneration, light intensity, weighted inside-boundary neighbor diffuse shading degree (WINDSD), Monte Carlo test

CLC Number:

S711
S754

DU Xin, DONG Xue, GU Huiyan, CHEN Xiangwei. Diffuse radiation environment of regeneration seedlings and saplings under a broadleaved-Korean pine forest[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(6): 145-156.

Figures/Tables 7

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样地 plot	坡位 slope position	坡度/ (°) slope	海拔/m altitude	土壤类型 soil type	土壤含水率/% soil water content	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) stand density	平均胸径/cm average DBH	蓄积量/ (m³·hm^-2) volume	树种蓄积组成 stock composition of tree species
1	下坡	11	340	暗棕色森林土	92.2±8.3	612	20.24	261	5红2冷1水1云+椴+枫+色-榆
2	下坡	12	340	暗棕色森林土	95.6±5.6	716	17.74	309	5红2冷1云1色+榆+椴-水-枫
3	中坡	13	400	暗棕色森林土	82.0±6.2	774	17.97	344	7红1云1色+冷+椴+水-榆-枫
4	中坡	15	395	暗棕色森林土	91.2±11.9	768	17.38	248	5红1白1水1色1冷1榆+椴

树种 tree species	幼苗seedling				幼树sapling
树种 tree species	均值 mean	标准差 SD	分布倾向度 distribution tendency degree	样本数 number	均值 mean	标准差 SD	分布倾向度 distribution tendency degree	样本数 number
红松 Pinus koraiensis	0.596	0.167	1.175	129	0.609	0.185	1.195	54
红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis	0.640	0.194	1.265	23	0.650	0.135	1.273	48
臭冷杉 Abies nephrolepis	0.585	0.157	1.155	636	0.597	0.175	1.170	96
春榆 Ulmus davidiana	0.648	0.171	1.271	110	0.532	0.243	1.051	63
色木槭 Acer pictum	0.642	0.185	1.257	948	0.552	0.233	1.090	423
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	0.607	0.198	1.197	724	0.563	0.251	1.110	123
花楷槭 Acer ukurunduense	0.576	0.189	1.148	95	0.571	0.205	1.124	78
紫椴 Tilia amurensis	0.575	0.174	1.139	105	0.602	0.202	1.173	60
水曲柳 Fraxinux mandshurica	0.578	0.194	1.142	461	0.501	0.230	1.010	9

树种 tree species	幼苗与均匀点 seedling-evenly		幼树与均匀点 sapling-evenly		幼苗与幼树 seeding-sapling		幼苗数量 seedling number	幼树数量 sapling number
树种 tree species	检验统计量W	P	检验统计量W	P	检验统计量W	P	幼苗数量 seedling number	幼树数量 sapling number
红松Pinus koraiensis	97 670	0.007	39 434	0.031	3 609	0.701	129	54
红皮云杉Picea koraiensis	14 848	0.027	29 776	<0.001	546	0.951	23	48
臭冷杉Abies nephrolepis	499 427	<0.001	72 974	0.022	31 573	0.588	636	96
春榆Ulmus japonica	67 649	<0.001	55 154	0.920	2 584	0.005	110	63
色木槭Acer mono	605 911	<0.001	356 160	0.147	157 484	<0.001	948	423
青楷槭Acer tegmentosum	521 081	<0.001	97 927	0.701	41 746	0.268	724	123
花楷槭Acer ukurunduense	75 471	0.103	62 825	0.194	3 670	0.917	95	78
紫椴Tilia amurensis	86 747	0.275	45 408	0.061	3 412	0.377	105	60
水曲柳Fraxinus mandshurica	368 716	0.002	8 543	0.693	1 726	0.388	461	9

Diffuse radiation environment of regeneration seedlings and saplings under a broadleaved-Korean pine forest

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