Growth and physiological response of Salix matsudana × alba to salt-flooding stress

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202305034

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 57-66.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202305034

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Growth and physiological response of Salix matsudana × alba to salt-flooding stress

REN Jiahui¹(), GAO Handong¹^,^*(), CHEN Zhenan¹, LI Hao¹, LIU Qiang², CHEN Pengjun²

1. College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037,China
2. Institute of Geochemical Exploration and Marine Geological Survey, Jiangsu Nonferrous Metals East China, Nanjing 210007,China

Received:2023-05-28 Accepted:2024-09-13 Online:2025-03-30 Published:2025-03-28
Contact: GAO Handong E-mail:1634069991@qq.com;gaohd@njfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to examine the effects of salt and flooding interactions on the growth and physiological responses of Salix hybrid, focusing on the physiological mechanisms underlying its tolerance to salt-flooding stress. 【Method】One-year-old Salix hybrid cuttings were subjected to two water conditions—normal watering and flooding—and four salinity levels (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% mass fraction of NaCl), with normal water without salt serving as the control. Samples were collected at six time points (3, 10, 17, 24, 41, and 60 days post-treatment) to measure seedling height, root collar diameter, biomass, and physiological indicators, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), proline (Pro) content, root vigor, and chlorophyll content. These parameters were analyzed to evaluate the effect of salt-flooding interactions on the growth and physiology of the Salix hybrid. 【Result】Low salinity under flooding conditions promoted seedling elongation, whereas high salinity under flooding inhibited growth. Relative electrical conductivity and MDA levels exhibited a continuous increase under combined salt and flooding stress. Antioxidant enzyme activity was more pronounced under the combined stress than under individual stress conditions, with SOD activity responding more rapidly than POD activity. Compared to salt stress alone, SS content significantly decreased on 24 days, SP content increased significantly on 17 days, and Pro content showed an initial increase, followed by a decline and subsequent recovery. Root vigor was higher under salt-flooding stress than that under salt stress alone, while chlorophyll content decreased significantly and remained lower than that under single salt stress.【Conclusion】The Salix hybrid demonstrated a robust osmoregulatory and protective enzyme system in response to salt-flooding stress, which played a critical role in its adaptive capacity. Biomass, MDA levels, and root vigor were identified as key indicators for assessing water and salt tolerance. The salinity tolerance threshold was determined to be 0.65% (111.22 mmol/L) under normal water conditions and 0.42% (71.87 mmol/L) under flooded conditions, indicating the Salix hybrid’s strong salinity tolerance. This study provides theoretical and practical insights into the physiological mechanisms of the Salix hybrid under salt-flooding stress, offering valuable guidance for its cultivation in saline and waterlogged environments.

Key words: Salix matsudana ×, alba, salt and flooded stress, tolerance thresholds, growth and physiological response

CLC Number:

S718

REN Jiahui, GAO Handong, CHEN Zhenan, LI Hao, LIU Qiang, CHEN Pengjun. Growth and physiological response of Salix matsudana × alba to salt-flooding stress[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2025, 49(2): 57-66.

Figures/Tables 13

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处理 treatment	水分状况 water condition	NaCl质量分数/% NaCl content
CK	正常水分	0
SS₁	正常水分	0.2
SS₂	正常水分	0.4
SS₃	正常水分	0.6
WM	淹水	0
WS₁	淹水	0.2
WS₂	淹水	0.4
WS₃	淹水	0.6

处理 treatment	受害程度damage degree						保存率/% preservation rate
处理 treatment	3 d	10 d	17 d	24 d	41 d	60 d	3 d	10 d	17 d	24 d	41 d	60 d
CK	正常	正常	正常	正常	正常	正常	100	100	100	100	100	100
SS₁	正常	正常	一级	一级	一级	一级	100	100	100	100	100	100
SS₂	正常	一级	二级	二级	三级	四级	100	100	100	100	83	56
SS₃	一级	二级	二级	二级	四级	五级	100	100	100	94	72	28
WM	正常	正常	一级	一级	二级	三级	100	100	100	100	94	83
WS₁	正常	正常	一级	二级	三级	四级	100	100	100	94	89	61
WS₂	正常	一级	二级	三级	四级	五级	100	100	94	89	61	28
WS₃	一级	一级	三级	四级	四级	五级	100	100	89	78	50	0

指标 indicators	F
指标 indicators	淹水胁迫 flooding stress	盐胁迫 salt stress	盐涝交互 flooding× salt stress
苗高seedling height	26.641^**	52.489^**	18.475^**
地径root collar diameter	1.528	10.548^**	3.461
生物量biomass	71.089^**	36.589^**	18.479^**
叶片水分亏缺RWC	55.061^**	53.163^**	7.721^**
相对电导率REC	3.912^*	3.907^*	1.946
丙二醛含量MDA content	10.280^**	3.244^*	0.046
叶绿素含量chlorophyll content	21.956^**	20.822^**	3.259^*
可溶性蛋白含量SP content	9.029^**	2.840^*	0.724
可溶性糖含量SS content	0.508	1.577^**	5.411^**
脯氨酸含量Pro content	10.499^**	3.442^*	0.138
SOD活性SOD activity	0.840	11.900^**	6.113^**
POD活性POD activity	32.944^**	12.674^**	3.836^*
根系活力root vigor	20.221^**	15.970^**	4.854^*

处理 treatment	苗高/cm seedling height	地径/mm root collar diameter	生物量/g biomass	R_WC/%
CK	100.3±5.03 bc	3.94±0.26 b	7.25±0.83 c	12.44±0.71 cd
SS₁	94.5±3.53 c	4.21±0.36 a	7.35±0.59 bc	17.00±0.62 b
SS₂	88.5±3.67 d	3.58±0.86 c	6.84±0.48 d	18.82±0.58 b
SS₃	81.6±3.29 de	3.43±0.51 d	6.74±0.81 d	21.3±1.15 a
WM	114.2±5.05 a	3.90±0.48 b	7.68±0.71 a	10.74±0.77 d
WS₁	105.6±4.31 b	3.45±0.21 c	7.48±0.73 b	14.56±0.40 c
WS₂	84.3±3.76 d	3.48±0.66 cd	7.10±0.89 c	18.45±0.50 b
WS₃	77.9±6.01 e	3.33±0.41 d	6.83±0.70 d	20.93±1.31 a

指标 index	苗高 seedling height	地径 root collar diameter	生物量 biomass	叶片水分亏缺 RWC	根系活力 root vigor	叶绿素含量 Chl content	REC	MDA含量 MDA content	SOD活性 SOD activity	POD活性 POD activity	SP含量 SP content	SS含量 SS content
地径root collar diameter	0.225
生物量biomass	0.437^*	0.307
RWC	-0.870^**	-0.279	-0.357
根系活力root vigor	0.610^**	0.342	0.327	-0.590^**
叶绿素含量Chl content	0.682^**	0.469^*	0.201	-0.731^**	0.363
相对电导率REC	-0.604^**	-0.477^*	-0.210	0.721^**	-0.279	-0.853^**
丙二醛含量MDA	-0.097	-0.416^*	0.116	0.245	0.042	-0.640^**	0.639^**
SOD活性SOD activity	0.495^*	0.191	0.243	-0.294	0.397	0.521^**	-0.336	-0.106
POD活性POD activity	0.308	0.160	0.194	-0.091	0.599^**	0.054	0.096	0.203	0.740^**
可溶性蛋白含量SP content	-0.295	-0.374	-0.038	0.401	-0.071	-0.625^**	0.793^**	0.585^**	-0.048	0.457
可溶性糖含量SS content	0.426^*	0.487^*	0.067	-0.571^**	0.016	0.695^**	-0.759^**	-0.525^**	-0.018	-0.379	-0.727^**
游离脯氨酸含量Pro content	-0.524^**	-0.403	-0.032	0.630^**	-0.322	-0.868^**	0.808^**	0.589^**	-0.463	0.079	0.691^**	-0.630^**

Growth and physiological response of Salix matsudana × alba to salt-flooding stress

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指标 index	主成分principal component
指标 index	1	2	3	4
苗高seedling height	0.745	0.446	0.312	-0.251
地径root collar diameter	0.570	0.018	-0.146	0.736
生物量biomass	0.296	0.437	0.506	0.472
叶片水分亏缺RWC	-0.816	-0.223	-0.377	0.236
根系活力root activity	0.469	0.672	0.087	0.031
叶绿素含量Chl content	0.945	-0.015	-0.141	-0.104
相对电导率REC	-0.932	0.181	0.008	0.031
丙二醛含量MDA content	-0.601	0.464	0.430	-0.122
SOD酶活SOD activity	0.442	0.629	-0.478	-0.116
POD酶活POD activity	0.057	0.885	-0.395	0.065
可溶性蛋白含量SP content	-0.724	0.482	0.005	-0.025
可溶性糖含量SS content	0.758	-0.460	0.178	0.062
游离脯氨酸含量Pro content	-0.867	0.159	0.168	0.181