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Effects of spatial design and microclimate on human thermal comfort in the region south of the Yangtze River: a case study of old street in Gaochun, Nanjing
XIONG Yao, YAN Yan
JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1) : 219-226.
PDF(2516 KB)
PDF(2516 KB)
Effects of spatial design and microclimate on human thermal comfort in the region south of the Yangtze River: a case study of old street in Gaochun, Nanjing
【Objective】 The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and microclimate factors to explore the human thermal comfort in different spatial patterns, and put forward an optimization strategy. 【Method】 Four types of architectural textures (courtyard space, neighborhood space, determinant space and single-family space) were extracted according to the site layout in the Gaochun District, Nanjing City. The spatial properties were divided into three types: open space, semi-open space and closed space. Meteorological factors such as air temperature, relative humidity and instantaneous wind speed, and the sky view factor in different spaces were measured. A questionnaire was used to analyze the human thermal comfort at different times in different spaces. The measured values were introduced into RayMan model, and the PET was calculated. Combined with data from a physiological equivalent thermometer in the Nanjing area, different levels of sensory and physiological stress were obtained. 【Result】 The correlation between PET and microclimate factors was analyzed, and the correlation between the microclimate factors and human thermal comfort was explored. The correlation between air temperature and TPE was the highest, followed by relative humidity, and the instantaneous wind speed was the lowest. The determinant space and single-family space (semi-open) performed well, and the courtyard space and neighborhood space (closed) performed the worst. 【Conclusion】 In view of the above analysis, the following four optimization strategies are proposed: determine the location and geometric type of street conducive to ventilation, determine the appropriate aspect ratio, optimize the building skin, and increase the green area. The correlation analysis of PET and microclimate factors can objectively reflect the thermal comfort of the human body. This research method can provide a scientific evaluation of human body comfort under the influence of different historical block spatial patterns, and put forward a more suitable optimization strategy for the human thermal comfort.
historic district / thermal comfort of human body / physiological equivalent temperature(PET) / microclimate / Gaochun District, Nanjing City
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With considerably increased coverage of weather information in the news media in recent years in many countries, there is also more demand for data that are applicable and useful for everyday life. Both the perception of the thermal component of weather as well as the appropriate clothing for thermal comfort result from the integral effects of all meteorological parameters relevant for heat exchange between the body and its environment. Regulatory physiological processes can affect the relative importance of meteorological parameters, e.g. wind velocity becomes more important when the body is sweating. In order to take into account all these factors, it is necessary to use a heat-balance model of the human body. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is based on the Munich Energy-balance Model for Individuals (MEMI), which models the thermal conditions of the human body in a physiologically relevant way. PET is defined as the air temperature at which, in a typical indoor setting (without wind and solar radiation), the heat budget of the human body is balanced with the same core and skin temperature as under the complex outdoor conditions to be assessed. This way PET enables a layperson to compare the integral effects of complex thermal conditions outside with his or her own experience indoors. On hot summer days, for example, with direct solar irradiation the PET value may be more than 20 K higher than the air temperature, on a windy day in winter up to 15 K lower.
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