Evaluation and selection on superior individuals for medicinal use of Cyclocarya paliurus

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202002018

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 21-28.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202002018

Special Issue: 青钱柳培育与选优专题

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Evaluation and selection on superior individuals for medicinal use of Cyclocarya paliurus

TIAN Li(), XU Chengwei, SHANG Xulan, FU Xiangxiang^*()

Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2020-02-11 Accepted:2020-06-12 Online:2021-01-30 Published:2021-02-01
Contact: FU Xiangxiang E-mail:1186765754@qq.com;xxfu@njfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Based on two-round selections for phenotypic characteristics of Cyclocarya paliurus (first-round) and the content of bioactive substances in their leaves (second-round), the superior individuals were screened out through an evaluation of annual stability of bioactive substance contents over two consecutive years. These individuals would be taken as good planting materials for the production of bioactive materials of C. paliurus.【Method】Superior individuals were selected in the first-round in March 2017 based on phenotypic traits, including leaf color, shape and size; angle of the first lateral branch; crown shape (flat and round) and superior provenance. The total flavonoids, triterpenoids, and water-soluble polysaccharides in the leaves of the selected trees were determined in September 2017. After the improvement potential of the selected individuals was evaluated, these selected trees were taken as the basis of the second-round selection. In September 2018, the content stability of bioactive substances was assessed for the second-round selected trees to determine the final elite individuals.【Result】The contents of the main bioactive substances in leaves of 36 selected individuals were significantly different in the first-round selection phase, and the improvement potential of the total flavonoids, total triterpenoids and water-soluble polysaccharides was 34.3%, 43.43% and 36.41%, respectively. In the second-round selection, ten individuals were screened based on the combination of single and multiple indexes from the first-round selected individuals. Finally, three elite individuals with stable contents, including LC1, LC4 and CP3, were determined by comparing the contents of the main bioactive substances in the leaves over two consecutive years. The correlation analysis indicates that tender leaves in red are positively correlated with high contents of the total flavonoids and triterpenoids, while the total triterpenoids are significantly correlated with the larger branch angle and round crown. However, the content of water-soluble polysaccharides is no correlated with the observed phenotypic traits.【Conclusion】Owing to the positive correlation of phenotypic traits with a high content of main bioactive substances in the leaves, tender leaves in red, plant with a large branching angle and round crown were taken as the selection basis of the superior individuals for medicinal use of C. paliurus. The contents of the main bioactive substances in three final selected elite individuals (LC1, LC4 and CP3) were higher than those of others, and kept stable over two consecutive years. To ensure the high and stable yield of the bioactive substances in the selected plants, it is necessary to study the interaction effects between the genetic and environment in multiple habitats for further selecting suitable planting areas and corresponding cultivation strategies.

Key words: phenotypic traits, bioactive substance, traits correlation, stability evaluation, selection of superior individuals

CLC Number:

S722.5

TIAN Li, XU Chengwei, SHANG Xulan, FU Xiangxiang. Evaluation and selection on superior individuals for medicinal use of Cyclocarya paliurus[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(1): 21-28.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Information of first round selected plus individuals of C. paliurus for medicinal-use"

选择标准 (代码) selection criterion	编号 code		种源 provenance			形态特征 morphological characteristic
优良种源 (MT) superior provenance	MT1		沐川Muchuan(MC)			叶大、盛,分枝角45°~50°
	MT2		沐川MC			叶大、多,冠圆,分枝角45°~50°
	MT3		沐川MC			冠型好,叶茂
分枝角(BA) branch angle	BA1		张家界Zhangjiajie(ZJJ)			分枝角大(下>70°,上>60°)
分枝角(BA) branch angle	BA2		/			分枝角>60°,叶大、量多,嫩叶微红
冠型扁平 (CP) flat crown	CP1		沐川MC			冠扁平,分枝角<30°
	CP2		千岛湖Qiandaohu(QDH)			冠扁平,分枝角45°,叶量大
	CP3		五峰Wufeng(WF)			冠扁平,分枝角45°,叶大
	CP4		张家界ZJJ			冠扁平,叶脉多,叶量大
	CP5		千岛湖QDH			冠扁平,叶大,嫩叶红
	CP6		五峰WF			冠扁平,叶大,嫩叶稍红
	CP7		沐川MC			冠扁平,叶较大、多
冠型饱满 (CR) round crown	CR1		千岛湖QDH			树冠饱满,叶稍大、叶量多
	CR2		/			树冠饱满,分枝角45°~60°,叶小、较多
	CR3		/			树冠饱满,叶较大,分枝角较大
	CR4		/			树冠饱满,叶较大,分枝直立
	CR5		/			树冠饱满,叶较大
	CR6		/			冠型圆,分枝角大,叶尖稍红、叶较大
	CR7		/			冠型饱满,分枝均匀,叶量中,嫩叶微红
叶型(LF) leaf shape	LF1		张家界ZJJ			叶脉多、厚、略卷,冠圆,分枝角>40°
	LF2		/			叶卷(截干)
	LF3		/			叶表面皱,叶量多、较大
	LF4		/			叶卷、量多,分枝多
选择标准 (代码) selection criterion		编号 code		种源 provenance	形态特征 morphological characteristic
叶面积(LS) leaf area		LS1		沐川MC	叶大、多,分枝角50°
		LS2		千岛湖QDH	叶较大、较多,冠稍平
		LS3		五峰WF	叶大、稀,分枝角约30°
		LS4		沐川MC	叶超大、较稀,抗病性差
		LS5		/	叶大,嫩叶稍红,分枝较开
叶色(LC) leaf color		LC1		千岛湖QDH	叶红、味浓,叶大、较稀
		LC2		/	嫩叶偏红,叶小,分枝角<30°
		LC3		/	叶红、叶大,冠型饱满
		LC4		/	叶红、叶大,较稀
		LC5		/	叶红、叶大,冠型圆
CK(对照)		CK1		/	嫩叶绿,株型饱满
		CK2		/	嫩叶绿,株型饱满
		CK3		/	嫩叶黄绿,株型一般

Table 1

Table 2

Comparisons of main bioactive substances content in leaves of elite trees of C. paliurus mg/g"

编号 code	总黄酮 total flavonoids	总三萜 total triterpenoids	水溶性多糖 water-soluble polysaccharide	编号 code	总黄酮 total flavonoids	总三萜 total triterpenoids	水溶性多糖 water-soluble polysaccharide
MT1	27.44±1.62 e-h	21.23±1.00 fgh	18.86±0.49 b-d	LF3	28.39±1.09 de	22.06±0.46 e-g	24.96±3.01 ab
MT2	21.72±0.67 lm	22.66±0.22 ef	19.44±2.01 b-d	LF4	20.13±0.48 l-n	16.72±0.18 mn	24.12±1.80 a-c
MT3	20.98±1.19 l-n	19.29±1.10 i-k	23.06±2.82 b-d	LS1	26.21±1.06 e-j	21.78±0.56 e-g	22.73±1.96 b-d
BA1	26.65±0.54 e-j	23.04±0.47 d-f	18.52±2.13 b-d	LS2	27.12±1.21 e-i	23.24±1.19 d-f	24.07±2.80 a-c
BA2	24.70±0.70 h-k	22.84±0.43 d-f	20.76±0.62 b-d	LS3	16.91±0.34 o	16.67±1.26 m-o	18.93±0.29 b-d
CP1	19.81±0.35 mn	25.34±0.39 c	20.39±2.06 b-d	LS4	25.01±0.58 g-k	17.26±0.27 lm	19.34±1.36 b-d
CP2	27.44±0.73 e-h	18.82±0.70 i-l	19.49±2.24 b-d	LS5	27.89±0.82 e-g	18.76±0.92 i-l	21.90±2.95 b-d
CP3	30.57±0.84 cd	29.08±0.76 a	22.91±1.37 b-d	LC1	34.62±1.68 a	24.68±0.49 cd	21.92±3.86 b-d
CP4	21.39±0.60 l-n	15.31±0.33 n-p	18.57±1.40 b-d	LC2	26.55±1.16 e-j	28.97±0.21 a	18.12±0.36 b-d
CP5	29.19±0.71 de	21.85±1.25 e-g	21.48±2.47 b-d	LC3	24.68±1.21 h-k	20.30±0.49 g-j	20.93±0.56 b-d
CP6	24.88±0.80 h-k	17.59±1.18 k-m	18.14±1.45 b-d	LC4	33.43±0.20 ab	27.32±0.70 b	24.26±3.34 a-c
CP7	18.95±0.73 n	14.97±0.32 np	17.98±2.80 cd	LC5	31.71±0.98 bc	20.66±0.34 g-i	23.51±4.18 b-d
CR1	22.56±0.67 kl	16.66±0.93 m-o	19.85±2.13 b-d	CK1	24.40±0.90 i-k	19.33±0.54 i-k	17.21±1.01 d
CR2	27.43±0.73 e-h	22.87±0.21 d-f	24.78±0.74 a-c	CK2	27.62±1.33 e-h	17.24±0.19 lm	22.45±2.47 b-d
CR3	28.38±2.45 de	17.52±1.47 k-m	29.26±1.00 a	CK3	21.37±1.1 l-n	18.55±0.86 j-m	22.55±1.08 b-d
CR4	21.99±0.46 lm	19.46±0.44 h-k	22.02±2.10 b-d	P	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
CR5	28.07±0.69 d-f	23.81±0.61 de	20.60±2.54 b-d	CK均值 mean value of CK	24.47	18.37	20.74
CR6	25.22±0.54 f-k	30.12±0.28 a	24.46±1.90 a-c	33个优株均值mean value in 33 elite trees	25.90	21.24	21.52
CR7	28.98±0.84 de	17.72±0.16 k-m	23.47±1.23 b-d	总均值mean value in all trees	25.78	21.00	21.45
LF1	24.16±1.37 jk	19.75±1.43 h-j	22.23±1.91 b-d	改良潜力/% improvement potential	34.30	43.43	36.41
LF2	31.67±2.49 bc	22.55±1.44 ef	18.95±2.63 b-d

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Stability evaluation of main bioactive substances contents in C. paliurus leaves between 2017 and 2018 mg/g"

等级 class	编号^* code	总黄酮 total flavonoids		总三萜 total triterpenoids		水溶性多糖 water soluble polysaccharide
等级 class	编号^* code	2017年	2018年	2017年	2018年	2017年	2018年
多指标选择优株 superior tree selected based on multi index	¹LC4	33.43±0.20 Aa	31.52±1.03 Ba	27.32±0.70 Ba	21.62±0.57 Bb	24.26±3.34 Aa	21.57±1.23 Ab
	²CP3	30.57±0.84 Ba	26.51±0.96 Cb	29.08±0.76 Aa	20.19±0.36 Cb	22.91±1.37 ABa	22.61±1.10 Aa
	³CR6	25.22±0.54 Ca	19.93±0.47 Eb	30.12±0.28 Aa	20.01±0.50 Cb	24.46±1.90 Aa	20.89±1.65 Ab
	⁴LC1	34.62±1.68 Aa	33.75±0.52 Aa	24.68±0.49 Ca	21.03±0.11 BCb	21.92±3.86 ABa	23.02±0.53 Aa
	⁷CR2	27.43±0.73 Ca	26.75±0.68 Ca	22.87±0.21 Da	23.58±0.36 Aa	24.78±0.74 Aa	22.61±1.74 Ab
	⁹LS2	27.12±1.21 Ca	23.43±0.96 Db	23.24±1.19 CDa	16.88±0.32 Db	24.07±2.80 Aa	24.11±1.54 Aa
	¹⁰LC2	26.55±1.16 Ca	19.46±0.29 Eb	28.97±0.21 Aa	22.93±0.60 Ab	18.12±0.36 Ba	21.95±1.72 Ab
均值mean		29.28 Ba	25.90 Cb	26.61 Ba	20.89 BCb	19.39 Aba	22.39 Ab
单指标选择 Ⅱ级优株 Ⅱ class superior tree selected based on single index	CR5	28.07±0.69 Aa	20.45±0.81 Cb	23.81±0.61 Aa	19.07±0.59 Ab	20.6±2.54 Bb	22.52±0.60 BCa
	BA1	26.65±0.54 Ba	19.89±0.51 Cb	23.04±0.47 Aa	17.87±0.43 Bb	18.52±2.13 Cb	30.91±1.15 Aa
	CR4	21.99±0.46 Ca	20.93±0.21 Ca	19.46±0.44 Ca	18.92±0.37 Aa	22.02±2.10 Aa	19.88±2.01 Db
	LS5	27.89±0.82 Aa	26.19±0.91 Aa	18.76±0.92 Ca	17.52±0.79 Ba	21.90±2.95 Aa	21.51±1.44 Ca
均值mean		26.15 Ba	21.87 Bb	21.27 Ba	18.35 ABb	20.76 Bb	23.70 Ba
未入选 not selected	LS3	16.91±0.34 Cb	18.89±0.20 Ca	16.67±1.26 Cb	19.03±0.58 ABa	18.93±0.29 BCb	21.92±1.98 Ca
	CP6	24.88±0.80 Aa	19.90±0.35 BCb	17.59±1.18 BCa	17.44±0.21 Ca	18.14±1.45 Cb	28.35±0.98 Aa
	LF1	24.16±1.37 Ab	21.94±0.34 Ab	19.75±1.43 Aa	19.61±0.30 Aa	22.23±1.91 Aa	23.41±1.45 Ba
均值mean		21.98 Ba	20.24 Ba	18.00 Ba	18.69 BCa	19.77 Bb	24.56 Ba

Table 5

Table 6

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优选等级 class for plus tree selection	项目 item	总黄酮 total flavonoids	总三萜 total triterpenoids	水溶性多糖 water-soluble polysaccharides
Ⅰ级	入选标准含量/(mg·g^-1)	>29.90	>24.89	>24.06
	入选单株编号	LC1、LC4、LC5、LF2、CP3	CR6、CP3、LC2、LC4、CP1	CR3、LF3、CR2、CR6、LC4、LF4、LS2
	入选株数入选率/%	5 15.2	5 15.2	7 21.2
	含量均值/(mg·g^-1)	32.40	25.34	25.13
Ⅱ级	入选标准含量/(mg·g^-1)	25.78~29.90	21.00~24.89	21.45~24.06
	入选单株编号	CP5、CR7、LF3、CR3、CR5、LS5、LC7、 MT1、CP2、CR2、LS2、BA1、LC2、LS1	LC1、CR5、LS2、BA1、CR2、BA2、MT2、 LF2、LF3、CP5、LS1、MT1	LC5、CR7、MT3、CP3、LS1、LC8、LC7、 LF1、CR4、LC1、LS5、CP5
	入选株数入选率/%	14 42.4	12 36.4	12 36.4
	含量均值/(mg·g^-1)	27.67	22.72	22.52

编号 code	隶属值/% value of membership function	排名 rank	编号 code	隶属值/% value of membership function	排名 rank
LC4	76.84	1	LF3	57.85	6
CP3	71.30	2	CR2	57.28	7
CR6	68.13	3	LC5	56.70	8
LC1	66.33	4	LS2	55.40	9
CR3	60.52	5	LC2	49.37	10

表型性状 phenotypic characters	总黄酮含量 total flavonoids content	总三萜含量 total triterpenoids content	水溶性多糖含量 water-soluble polysaccharides content
BA(分枝角)	25.67	22.84^**	19.64
LF(卷叶)	26.09	20.27	22.57
LS(叶面积)	24.63	19.54	21.39
CP(冠型扁平)	24.60	20.42	19.85
CR(冠型饱满)	26.09	21.17^*	23.49
LC(红叶)	30.20^**	24.39^**	21.74
CK	24.47	18.37	20.74

Evaluation and selection on superior individuals for medicinal use of Cyclocarya paliurus

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