Abstract: Xylo-oligosaccharides and ethanol preparation from bamboo processing residues were investigated. The bamboo xylan was selectively degraded by endo-xylanase to produce xylo-oligosaccharides. Xylan extraction residue was used for ethanol production through saccharification and fermentation processes. The xylan of bamboo processing residues was extracted with 7% NaOH solution for 1 h, the xylan extraction yield was 57.81%. The xylan was hydrolyzed by endo-xylanase with the dosage of 25 U/g xylan for 12 h, the xylo-oligosaccharides yield was 39.49%, and the xylo-oligosaccharides have good effect on the proliferation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. The xylan extraction residue was hydrolyzed by cellulase and β-glucosidase with the dosage of 25 U/g and 4 U/g for 72 h, 64.05% hydrolysis yield was obtained. The hydrolyzate containing 121.20 g/L glucose was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NLH13 for 40 h, the glucose consumption and ethanol yield were 98.80% and 92.95%, respectively.