Advances and frontiers in global forest and harvested wood products carbon science

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201801035

CHEN Jiaxin,YANG Hongqiang

Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (04) : 1-8.

PDF(1795026 KB)

Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (04) : 1-8. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201801035

Advances and frontiers in global forest and harvested wood products carbon science

CHEN Jiaxin¹,YANG Hongqiang^2,3*

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Abstract: Forests and harvested wood products(HWP)is an important part of the global carbon cycle, and can significantly affect the greenhouse gas(GHG)concentration in the atmosphere. Thus, in the last few decades, forest carbon science has become a hot research area world wild. Initial research efforts mostly focused on forest carbon stocks and stock changes, which indicated that in the last a few decades, the global forests have been a large and consistent carbon sink, absorbing 20-30 million tonnes of carbon from the atmosphere each year while also releasing more than 10 million tonnes of carbon through deforestation and forest degradation. The global forest carbon balance appeared differently: in countries such as the United States, Canada, China, and countries from the European Union, afforestation and reforestation have resulted in increased total forest areas and thus increased forest carbon stocks. But deforestation in South and Central America, Africa, and South and Southeast Asia has caused significant reduction in the total forest areas and forest carbon stocks. The second research focus has been HWP carbon dynamics. At a global scale, HWP carbon stocks are much smaller when compared with forest carbon stocks. But consistent HWP carbon stock increases can have important implications on the mitigation potential of the forestry sector(managed forests and HWP produced from these forests). Based on life-cycle analysis, studies conducted in the last 10 years have concluded that substituting HWP with energy-intensive materials can result in significant emission reductions. To accurately assess net GHG effects of the forestry sector, it is essential to integrate forest carbon dynamics with life-cycle analysis of HWP carbon stocks/emissions. There are a few important issues that need to be addressed in the future: ① Collect more data and conduct data-based studies to better analyze climate change impacts on forest development and forest carbon stocks, and reduce analysis uncertainty. ② Develop, complete, and improve forest resources inventories, the basis for accurately assessing forest carbon stocks. ③ Develop strategies through sustainable forest management and the best use of wood biomass resources to maximize forestry sector's mitigation contribution within key emission reduction timeframes. ④ Collect and integrate HWP life-cycle data in a systematic way to improve the accuracy of HWP life-cycle analysis and wood substitution assessment. ⑤ Assesse global forestry sector's mitigation contribution by integrating forest management and HWP carbon stocks/emissions analysis at a global scale.

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

CHEN Jiaxin,YANG Hongqiang. Advances and frontiers in global forest and harvested wood products carbon science[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2018, 42(04): 1-8 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201801035

References

[1] EDENHOFER O R, PICHS-MADRUGA Y, SOKONA E, et al. Intergovernmental panel on climate change[C]// Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
[2] PARIS AGREEMENT. United nation framework convention on climate change[EB/OL].(2018-01-10). http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf.
[3] HOUGHTON J T, DING Y, GRIGGS D J, et al. Intergovernmental panel on climate change[C]// The scientific basis. contribution of working group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press,2001.
[4] READ D J, BEERLING D J, CANNELL M, et al. The role of land carbon sinks in mitigating global climate change[J/OL]. The Royal Society, 2001.(2018-01-16). https://royalsociety.org/～/media/Royal_Society_Content/policy/publications/2001/9996.pdf.
[5] QUÉRÉ C LE, ANDREW R M, CANADELL J G, et al. Global carbon budget 2016[J]. Earth System Science Data, 2016, 7(1): 47-85. DOI:10.5194/essd-8-605-2016.
[6] PAN Y, BIRDSEY R A, FANG J, et al. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests[J]. Science, 2011, 333: 988-993.
[7] GRASSI G, HOUSE J, DENTENER F, et al. The key role of forests in meeting climate targets requires science for credible mitigation[J]. Natural Climate Change, 2017, 7: 220-226. DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3227.
[8] UNFCCC. United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2009[R]. Tenth Session, Copenhagen: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, 2009-12-07.(2018-01-16). http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/awg10/eng/10a03r03.pdf.
[9] HIRAISHI T, KRUG T, TANABE K, et al. Revised supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol[C]//Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,2013. Switzerland: IPCC, 2014.
[10] NABUURS G-J. Significance of wood products in forest sector carbon balances[C]// APPS MJ, PRICE DT. Forest ecosystems, forest management and the global carbon cycle. NATO ASI Series I: Global Environmental Change. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 1996.
[11] VOICU M V, SHAW C, KURZ W A, et al.Carbon dynamics on agricultural land reverting to woody land in Ontario, Canada[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 193: 318-325. DOI:org/10.1016/j. jenvman.2017.02.019.
[12] NABUURS, G-J, LINDER M, VERKERK P J, et al. First signs of carbon sink saturation in European forest biomass[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2013, 3: 792-796.DOI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1853.
[13] BIRDSEY R, PREGITZER K,LUCIER A. Forest carbon management in the United States: 1600-2100[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006, 35(4): 1461-1469. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2005.0162.
[14] PIAO S, FANG J, ZHU, B, et al. Forest biomass carbon stocks in China over the past 2 decades: estimation based on integrated inventory and satellite data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005, 110: G01006.DOI:10.1029/2005JG000014.
[15] CHEN J, CHEN W, LIU J, et al. Annual carbon balance of Canada's forests during 1895-1996[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2000, 14: 839-849.
[16] STINSON G, KURZ W A, SMYTH C E, et al. An inventory-based analysis of Canada's managed forest carbon dynamics, 1990 to 2008[J]. Global Change Biology,2011, 17: 2227-2244.
[17] KÖHL M, LASCO R, CIFUENTES M, et al.Changes in forest production, biomass and carbon: results from the 2015 UN FAO Global Forest Resource Assessment[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2015, 352: 21-34. DOI:dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.05.036.
[18] CHEN J, COLOMBO S J, TER-MIKAELIAN M T, et al. Future carbon storage in harvested wood products from Ontario's crown forests[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2008, 38: 1947-1958.
[19] HEATH L S, MALTBY V, MINER R, et al. Greenhouse gas and carbon profile of the U.S. forest products industry value chain[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2010, 44: 3999-4005.
[20] WINJUM J K, BROWN S, SCHLAMADINGER B. Forest harvests and wood products: sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide[J]. Forest Science, 1998, 44: 272-284.
[21] LAUK C, HABERL H, ERB K-H, et al. Global socioeconomic carbon stocks in long-lived products 1900-2008[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2012, 7(3):1-10.DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034023.
[22] APPS M J, KURZ W A, BEUKEMA S J, et al. Carbon budget of the Canadian forest product sector[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 1999, 2: 25-41.
[23] KOHLMAIER G, KOHLMAIER L, ERIES E, et al. Application of the stock change and the production approach to harvested wood products in the EU-15 countries: a comparative analysis[J]. European Journal of Forest Research, 2007, 126: 209-223. DOI: 10.1007/s10342-006-0130-x.
[24] LATURI J, MIKKOLA J, UUSIVUORI J. Carbon reservoirs in wood products-in-use in Finland: current sinks and scenarios until 2050[J]. Silva Fennica, 2008, 42(2): 307-324.
[25] CHEN J, COLOMBO S J, TER-MIKAELIAN M T, et al. Carbon profile of the managed forest sector in Canada in the 20^th century: sink or source?[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014, 48: 9859-9866. DOI: 10.1021/es5005957.
[26] PILLI R., FIORESE G, GRASSI G. EU mitigation potential of harvested wood products[J]. Carbon Balance and Management, 2015. DOI:10.1186/s13021-015-0016-7.
[27] CHEN J, COLOMBO S J, TER-MIKAELIAN M T, et al. Carbon budget of Ontario's managed forests and harvested wood products, 2001-2100[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2010, 259: 1385-1398. DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.01.007.
[28] DYMOND C C. Forest carbon in North America: annual storage and emissions from british Columbia's harvest[J]. Carbon Balance and Management, 2012, 7:8.
[29] TER-MIKAELIAN M T, COLOMBO S J, CHEN J. Effects of harvesting on spatial and temporal diversity of carbon stocks in a boreal forest landscape[J]. Ecology and Evolution, 2013, 3: 3738-3750. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.751.
[30] 阮宇, 张小全, 杜凡. 中国木质林产品碳贮量[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(12): 4213-4218. RUAN Y, ZHANG X Q, DU F. Carbon stock of harvested wood products in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(12): 4213-4218.
[31] 白彦锋, 姜春前, 张守攻. 中国木质林产品碳储量及其减排潜力[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(1): 399-405. BAI Y F, JIANG C Q, ZHANG S G. Carbon stock and potential of emission reduction of harvested wood products in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(1): 399-405.
[32] 郭明辉, 关鑫, 李坚. 中国木质林产品的碳储存与碳排放[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2010, 20(5): 19-21. GUO M H, GUAN X, LI J. Carbon storage and carbon emission of wood forest products in China[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2010, 20(5): 19-21.
[33] 杨红强, 季春艺, 杨惠, 等. 全球气候变化下中国林产品的减排贡献:基于木质林产品减排功能的核算[J]. 自然资源学报, 2013, 28(12): 2023-2033. YANG H Q, JI C Y, YANG H, et al.Global climate change and China's contribution to carbon reduction: based on carbon storage accounting of Chinese harvested wood products[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2013, 28(12): 2023-2033.
[34] 张小标, 杨红强. 基于GFPM的中国林产品碳储效能及碳库结构动态预测[J]. 资源科学, 2015, 37(7): 1403-1413. ZHANG X B, YANG H Q. Dynamic projection of storage efficiency and carbon pool structure of China's harvested wood products based on GFPM[J]. Resources Science, 2015, 37(7): 1403-1413.
[35] GENG A X, YANG H Q, CHEN J, et al. Review of carbon storage function of harvested wood products and the potential of wood substitution in greenhouse gas mitigation[J]. Forest Policy and Economics, 2017, 85(1): 192-200. DOI:10.1016/j.forpol.2017.08.007.
[36] CHEN J, YANG H Q, TER-MIKAELIAN M T, et al. Assessing the greenhouse gas effects of harvested wood products manufactured from managed forests in Canada[J]. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 2018, 91(2): 193-205. DOI:10.1093/forestry/cpx056.
[37] UPTON B, MINER R, SPINNEY M, et al. The greenhouse gas and energy impacts of using wood instead of alternatives in residential construction in the United States[J]. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2008, 32: 1-10.
[38] NEPAL P, SKOG K E, MCKEEVER D B, et al. Carbon mitigation impacts of increased softwood lumber and structural panel use for nonresidential construction in the United States[J].Forest Products Journal, 2016, 66(1):77-87.
[39] BURSCHEL P, KURSTEN E, LARSON B C, et al.Present role of German forests and forestry in the national carbon budget and options to its increase[J]. Water Air And Soil Pollution, 1993, 70(1/4): 325-340.
[40] PINGOUD K, PERÄLÄ A-L:Scenario analysis of potential wood utilisation in finnish new construction in 1990 and 1994. 2: inventory of carbon stock of wood products in the finnish building stock in 1980, 1990 and 1995[C]// Studies on greenhouse impacts of wood construction. VTT Julkaisuja, Espoo in Finnish: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2000.
[41] PINGOUD K, PERÄLÄ A-L, SOIMAKALLIO S, et al. Greenhouse gas impacts of harvested wood products[C]// Evaluation and Development of Methods. VTT Tiedotteita, Espoo Res Notes 2189, 2003.
[42] SATHRE R, O'CONNOR J. Meta-analysis of greenhouse gas displacement factors of wood product substitution[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2010, 13(2): 104-114.
[43] MCKECHNIE J, COLOMBO S J, CHEN J, et al. Forest bioenergy or forest carbon? Assessing trade-offs in greenhouse gas mitigation with wood-based fuels[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45: 789-795.
[44] TER-MIKAELIAN M T, COLOMBO S J, LOVEKIN D, et al. Carbon debt repayment or carbon sequestration parity? Lessons from a forest bioenergy case study in Ontario, Canada[J]. GCB Bioenergy, 2015, 7: 704-716. DOI:10.1111/gcbb.12198.
[45] PINGOUD K, EKHOLM T, SAVOLAINEN I. Global warming potential factors and warming payback times as climate indicators of forest biomass use[J]. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2012, 17(4): 369-386. DOI:10.1007/s11027-011-9331-9.
[46] SMYEH C E, STINSON G, NEILSON E, et al.Quantifying the biophysical climate change mitigation potential of Canada's forest sector[J]. Biogeosciences, 2014, 11: 1515-3529. DOI:10.5194/bg-11-3515-2014.
[47] TER-MIKAELIAN M T, COLOMBO S J, CHEN J. The burning question: Does forest bioenergy reduce carbon emissions? a review of common misconceptions about forest carbon accounting[J]. Journal of Forestry, 2015, 113(1): 57-68.
[48] LUN F, LI W, LIU Y. Complete forest carbon cycle and budget in China, 1999-2008[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2012, 264: 81-89.
[49] 张旭芳, 杨红强, 张小标. 1993-2033年中国林业碳库水平及发展态势[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(2): 290-299. ZHANG X F, YANG H Q, ZHANG X B. Development level and trend in Chinese forestry carbon pools from 1989 to 2033[J]. Natural Resources, 2016, 38(2): 290-299
[50] PINGOUD K, POHJOLA J, VALSTA L. Assessing the integrated climatic impacts of forestry and wood products[J]. Silva Fennica, 2010, 44: 155-175.

PDF(1795026 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections

Recommended

The full text is translated into English by AI, aiming to facilitate reading and comprehension. The core content is subject to the explanation in Chinese.

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

〈

〉

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export