A study on environmental adaptability and characteristics of historical villages around the Taihu Lake area

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201905027

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 17-24.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201905027

Special Issue: 园林文化遗产研究专题

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A study on environmental adaptability and characteristics of historical villages around the Taihu Lake area

ZHANG Zhuoran(), TANG Xiaolan^*()

College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2019-05-21 Revised:2020-04-26 Online:2020-10-30 Published:2020-11-19
Contact: TANG Xiaolan E-mail:zoranla@163.com;xiaolant@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The circum-Taihu Lake area has been inhabited for centuries, and humans have paid a great effort for adapting to the complex and changing geographical environment throughout the history. We analyzed the distribution characteristics of rural settlements in different historical periods around Taihu Lake, and discussed the internal influencing factors and adaptation mechanism. 【Method】 Based on the space-time background, this research selected the five cities of Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou, around the Taihu Lake, as the areas of research, and screened 363 historical villages as research objects. Five stages were analyzed: selecting site and survival period, spontaneous adaptation period, conscious adaptation period, overlapping expansion period, and unordered consolidation period. With the help of GIS spatial analyses, the nearest point index, Kernel density, and standard deviation elliptic were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of rural settlements around the Taihu Lake during different historical periods. 【Result】 The spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements in the circum-Taihu Lake area is clearly concentrated; the quantity and density increased gradually, and the spatial distribution center shifted toward the northeast with a trend for “northwest-southeast” axial diffusion. The different stages influencing of natural native environment, agricultural irrigation environment, social and cultural environment on the rural settlements in the circum-Taihu Lake area are in a state of long-term dynamic change. 【Conclusion】 Regarding the historical latitude over a long period of time, the three environmental drivers of nature, irrigation and water conservancy as well as socio-cultural factors reflect the continuous capacity of humans to adapt to the regional environment, and the synergistic process of rural development in the circum-Taihu Lake zone is a multi-scale, multi-process complex system.

Key words: historical villages, spatial distribution, environmental adaptability, circum-Taihu Lake area

CLC Number:

TU986
K901.8

ZHANG Zhuoran, TANG Xiaolan. A study on environmental adaptability and characteristics of historical villages around the Taihu Lake area[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(5): 17-24.

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适应阶段 adaptation stage	时间范围 scope of time	阶段特征 stage characteristics
选址生存期 survival site selection	石器时代	依据考古发现太湖此时尚未形成,平坦的湖底地貌是远古先民们理想的聚居场所,其中在太湖三山岛上发现的史前遗存将太湖区域的人类活动从新石器时代提前到了旧石器时代
自发适应期 spontaneous adaptation	先秦—汉晋	参考多方考古结果,一般认为古太湖最初形成于西汉年间,海水冲击平原形成冈身高地,塑造了太湖地区的碟原盆地地势。而此阶段的人类聚居模式以被动、自发适应缓慢变化的地貌为主,临水而居,浜村相依
自觉适应期 conscious adaptation	唐—元	隋唐之后,环太湖地区的史料逐渐丰富,可以更完整地还原当时居民及官府对环境的适应能力,清淤泄洪、联水圩田,都体现了人类具有强烈的主动改造环境的意识。过多的人工介入也产生了反弹,北宋年间几次大型的太湖洪涝灾害也持续影响“浜村一体”的水乡聚居模式
叠级扩张期 cascading expansion	明清	人工水网系统“纵浦横塘,支干相随”与明代后期不断发展的手工业商贸集市相互适应,乡村聚集的现象更明显
无序整合期 disorderly integration	民国至今	20世纪40年代前战祸不断,对环太湖村落造成毁灭性的打击,20世纪50年代之后,许多村落进行了合并重组,近些年对自然村与行政村的重新划分也一直没有停止,整体村落数量分布呈现无规律的变化

适应阶段 adaptation stage	实际最邻近距离 practical nearest distance	理论最邻近距离 theoretical nearest distance	最邻近指数R nearest neighbor index (NNI)	分布类型 type of distribution
选址生存期survival site selection	0.087 706	0.098 065	0.894 367	凝聚
自发适应期spontaneous adaptation	0.068 294	0.080 209	0.851 447	凝聚
自觉适应期conscious adaptation	0.063 306	0.073 369	0.858 116	凝聚
叠级扩张期cascading expansion	0.040 825	0.047 143	0.865 980	凝聚
无序整合期disorderly integration	0.015 760	0.032 265	0.488 456	凝聚

阶段 stages	周长/ km shape- length	面积/ km² shape- area	中心坐标 central coordinate		长轴/ km X axis	短轴/ km Y axis
阶段 stages	周长/ km shape- length	面积/ km² shape- area	X	Y	长轴/ km X axis	短轴/ km Y axis
选址生存期	432.00	13 227.87	120.55	30.95	84.62	50.76
自发适应期	489.67	16 867.79	120.33	31.10	97.67	55.24
自觉适应期	491.21	17 281.13	120.26	31.19	96.88	56.86
叠级扩张期	480.89	17 013.64	120.26	31.28	92.64	58.50

A study on environmental adaptability and characteristics of historical villages around the Taihu Lake area

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