JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 17-24.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201905027
Special Issue: 园林文化遗产研究专题
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ZHANG Zhuoran(), TANG Xiaolan*(
)
Received:
2019-05-21
Revised:
2020-04-26
Online:
2020-10-30
Published:
2020-11-19
Contact:
TANG Xiaolan
E-mail:zoranla@163.com;xiaolant@163.com
Table 1
Adaptation stages and characteristics of historical villages around the Taihu Lake area"
适应阶段 adaptation stage | 时间范围 scope of time | 阶段特征 stage characteristics |
---|---|---|
选址生存期 survival site selection | 石器时代 | 依据考古发现太湖此时尚未形成,平坦的湖底地貌是远古先民们理想的聚居场所,其中在太湖三山岛上发现的史前遗存将太湖区域的人类活动从新石器时代提前到了旧石器时代 |
自发适应期 spontaneous adaptation | 先秦—汉晋 | 参考多方考古结果,一般认为古太湖最初形成于西汉年间,海水冲击平原形成冈身高地,塑造了太湖地区的碟原盆地地势。而此阶段的人类聚居模式以被动、自发适应缓慢变化的地貌为主,临水而居,浜村相依 |
自觉适应期 conscious adaptation | 唐—元 | 隋唐之后,环太湖地区的史料逐渐丰富,可以更完整地还原当时居民及官府对环境的适应能力,清淤泄洪、联水圩田,都体现了人类具有强烈的主动改造环境的意识。过多的人工介入也产生了反弹,北宋年间几次大型的太湖洪涝灾害也持续影响“浜村一体”的水乡聚居模式 |
叠级扩张期 cascading expansion | 明清 | 人工水网系统“纵浦横塘,支干相随”与明代后期不断发展的手工业商贸集市相互适应,乡村聚集的现象更明显 |
无序整合期 disorderly integration | 民国至今 | 20世纪40年代前战祸不断,对环太湖村落造成毁灭性的打击,20世纪50年代之后,许多村落进行了合并重组,近些年对自然村与行政村的重新划分也一直没有停止,整体村落数量分布呈现无规律的变化 |
Table 2
Nearest neighbor index (NNI) of the villages in different historical periods around the Taihu Lake area"
适应阶段 adaptation stage | 实际最邻近距离 practical nearest distance | 理论最邻近距离 theoretical nearest distance | 最邻近指数R nearest neighbor index (NNI) | 分布类型 type of distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|
选址生存期survival site selection | 0.087 706 | 0.098 065 | 0.894 367 | 凝聚 |
自发适应期spontaneous adaptation | 0.068 294 | 0.080 209 | 0.851 447 | 凝聚 |
自觉适应期conscious adaptation | 0.063 306 | 0.073 369 | 0.858 116 | 凝聚 |
叠级扩张期cascading expansion | 0.040 825 | 0.047 143 | 0.865 980 | 凝聚 |
无序整合期disorderly integration | 0.015 760 | 0.032 265 | 0.488 456 | 凝聚 |
Table 3
Calculation of standard deviatinal ellipses of the villages in different historical periods around the Taihu Lake area"
阶段 stages | 周长/ km shape- length | 面积/ km2 shape- area | 中心坐标 central coordinate | 长轴/ km X axis | 短轴/ km Y axis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X | Y | |||||
选址生存期 | 432.00 | 13 227.87 | 120.55 | 30.95 | 84.62 | 50.76 |
自发适应期 | 489.67 | 16 867.79 | 120.33 | 31.10 | 97.67 | 55.24 |
自觉适应期 | 491.21 | 17 281.13 | 120.26 | 31.19 | 96.88 | 56.86 |
叠级扩张期 | 480.89 | 17 013.64 | 120.26 | 31.28 | 92.64 | 58.50 |
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