This article deals with the structure, chemical composition and fibre pattern of the wood of Xinjiang diversiform-leafed poplar (Populus euphratica Oliv). In this study, macro and micro structure of the wood have been examined and on this basis analyses and comparisons between morphological characteristics, patterns of development, wood structure and chemical compositions of species of various poplar branches have also been made. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) examination has been applied wherever necessary. The fibre patterns of the wood of the Xinjian diversiform-leafed poplar have been determined in different age groups, and the trace elements in the wood determined by making use of the atomic absorption spectrum.