After analyzing the wetland resources and developments in the Changjiang River valley, the paper revealed the important role of the ecological system of wetland in the protection of stability and sustainability of ecological environment there. The authors thought that the Changjiang River valley subject to repeated flood and drought was closely related to the destruction of ecological environment of wetland. People should make the most of the function of ecological environment of wetland, rationally regulate the distribution of time and space of water resources, fully utilize the capability of ecological system of wetland to purify sewage, and improve the quantity and quality of water resources, at the same time to integrity the ecological systems of forestry, agriculture, and urban environment, make full use of the function of each system and establish equilibrium and adjustment mechanism of water resources in the valley.