The effects of environmental factors, such as physical perturbing, microbial activity, temperature and incubation time, on phosphorus release from the sediments of eutrophic rivers were studied. Total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total phosphorus (TDP) and solved orthophosphorus (SRP) as the indicators were used. The results showed that environmental factors had distinct impacts on the release of total phosphorus into water, while they had less effects on other two indicators. Furthermore, the research on the crossed effects of different factors showed that the impacts of environmental factors on the release intensity could be described from strong to weak: physical perturbing, incubation time, microbial activity, temperature. It also showed that temperature had indirect effects on the release of phosphorus from sediments through changing the microbial activity.