Abstract: Fagus longipetiolata is one of dominant species in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests of east China. There are few seedlings from seeds of F.longipetiolata in mature F.longipetiolata forests. The natural population regeneration of F.longipetiolata depends on basal sprouting, although a large number of seeds drop every year. Adopted method of experimental ecology, the effects of rodents predation and different seed traits on the fate of seeds of F.longipetiolata were studied in order to reveal the fate of different characteristic seeds of F.longipetiolata in different microhabitats. The main results were as follows: Rattus fulvescens, Niviventer confucianus and Rattus flavipectu are key animal species acting on seeds of F.longipetiolata in the study area. Removal and consumption in situ by rodents was the most important factor affecting the fate of seeds F.longipetiolata. The seed characteristics significantly related to rodents predation under different microenvironment (p<0.01), but no significant difference was observed for consumption in situ by rodents. The mean time of different characteristic seeds of F.longipetiolata consumption in situ by rodents was that insectdam seeds was 3.05d, hulled seeds was 2.70 d, small seeds was 2.62 d and big seeds was 2.15 d. The 2way interactions between microhabitats and seed traits had no effect on predation and consumption in situ of F.longipetiolata seeds.