Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on litterfall production and nutrient dynamics in evergreen broad-leaved forests

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903015

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 55-62.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903015

Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on litterfall production and nutrient dynamics in evergreen broad-leaved forests

ZHAO Xiaoya(), GUAN Mengran, SUN Mengyao, WANG Zefu, XU Xiaoniu^*()

School of Forestry & Landscape of Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China

Received:2019-03-05 Revised:2019-04-26 Online:2020-11-30 Published:2020-12-07
Contact: XU Xiaoniu E-mail:Zminini@163.com;xnxu2007@ahau.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Litterfall is an important component of net primary productivity of forests. This study deals with the response of litter production and nutrient return to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests to achieve a sustainable management of the forest. 【Method】A simulated nitrogen deposition experiment was conducted in the evergreen broad-leaved Castanopsis eyrei forest and C. sclerophylla forest; the experiment was commenced from May 2017 to April 2018 in Chizhou, Anhui Province. The experimental design consisted of N [N, 100 kg /(hm²·a)), N+P [N 100 kg /(hm²·a) + P 50 kg /(hm²·a)] treatments, and a control (CK, stream water only without fertilizer). 【Result】The annual litterfall productions of C. eyrei and C. sclerophylla forests were the highest in N+P treatment with 9.502 and 7.120 t/(hm²·a), respectively, followed by N treatment with the annual litterfall of 8.393 and 7.041 t/(hm²·a), respectively, and then CK with the annual litterfall of 7.724 and 6.697 t/(hm²·a), respectively. There were no significant differences among the treatments. The percentage of the litterfall component was in the following order: foliage > branch > miscellaneous > sexual organs,while the percentage of the litterfall component was in the following order: foliage > branch > sexual organs >miscellaneous for N+P treatment in C. sclerophylla forests. The annual mean weighted N concentrations of litterfall were 14.199 and 13.684 g/kg for N treatment, 13.863 and 13.650 g/kg for N+P treatment, 13.384 and 13.094 g/kg for CK in C. sclerophylla and C. eyrei forests, respectively. The order of annual mean weighted P concentrations of litterfall was ranked as N+P > CK > N for the two forest stands and there was no significant difference among the treatments. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in annual returns of N, P, and ratios of N/P among treatments for the two forest stands. 【Conclusion】The addition of N plus P had a synergistic effect on the litterfall production in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. Our results suggest that the addition of P alleviates the phosphorus limitation caused by the high nitrogen deposition.

Key words: evergreen broad-leaved forest, litterfall production, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, nutrient concentration, nutrient return, Castanopsis eyrei, C. sclerophylla

CLC Number:

S714

ZHAO Xiaoya, GUAN Mengran, SUN Mengyao, WANG Zefu, XU Xiaoniu. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on litterfall production and nutrient dynamics in evergreen broad-leaved forests[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(6): 55-62.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 4

Annual average nutrient concentrations and returns of litterfall and its components under different treatments"

样地 plot	指标 index	处理 treatment	落枝 twigs litter	落叶 leaf litter	果实 fruits	花 flower	碎屑 miscellaneous	总凋落物 litterfall
CS	NC	N+P	9.338±0.179 b	14.518±0.712 a	8.718±0.578 a	18.880±3.659 a	21.800±0.274 a	13.863±0.153 a
		N	10.271±0.464 a	14.567±0.601 a	8.330±0.141 ab	16.677±4.975 a	22.821±0.554 a	14.199±0.648 a
		CK	9.653±0.335 ab	13.311±0.172 b	7.472±0.258 b	20.547±0.897 a	22.065±0.569 a	13.384±0.137a
	PC	N+P	0.569±0.028 a	0.695±0.079 a	0.708±0.059 a	1.803±0.067 a	1.719±0.028 a	0.841±0.033 a
		N	0.770±0.319 a	0.455±0.125 a	0.573±0.081 ab	1.221±0.140 b	1.015±0.108 b	0.621±0.035 a
		CK	0.662±0.369 a	0.724±0.274 a	0.546±0.019 b	1.134±0.124 b	1.105±0.040 b	0.759±0.190 a
	NR	N+P	19.184±1.989 a	74.173±0.1.098 a	7.048±1.189 a	13.261±2.905 a	18.032±0.560 a	131.697±2.669 a
		N	19.135±2.011 a	67.661±7.778 a	5.312±1.944 a	3.708±1.425 b	23.398±4.855 a	119.214±13.883 a
		CK	15.495±0.811 a	56.310±9.505 a	4.899±0.553 a	4.500±1.265 b	22.296±4.478 a	103.500±13.468 a
	PR	N+P	1.168±0.118 a	3.568±0.527 a	0.576±0.116 a	1.260±0.067 a	1.421±0.036 a	7.994±0.474 a
		N	1.378±0.426 a	2.186±0.873 a	0.349±0.092 b	0.269±0.075 b	1.061±0.320 a	5.242±0.842 a
		CK	1.053±0.560 a	0.733±0.364 a	0.358±0.041 b	0.253±0.085 b	1.121±0.249 a	6.042±2.056 a
CE	NC	N+P	11.455±0.389 a	13.683±0.401 a	5.303±3.755 a	18.278±5.526 a	19.974±0.238 a	13.650±0.509 a
		N	10.253±0.712 a	13.816±0.309 a	3.093±4.375 a	21.910±1.372 a	19.046±0.603 a	13.648±0.112 a
		CK	11.156±0.754 a	12.734±0.626 a	8.887±1.441 a	21.620±0.371 a	17.974±1.161 a	13.094±0.421 a
	PC	N+P	0.452±0.056 a	0.392±0.013 a	0.310±0.227 a	1.199±0.076 a	1.148±0.017 a	0.471±0.028 a
		N	0.307±0.026 b	0.420±0.054 a	0.143±0.202 a	1.009±0.022 b	1.037±0.081 a	0.449±0.040 a
		CK	0.331±0.055 b	0.395±0.059 a	0.783±0.388 a	1.176±0.075 a	1.011±0.130 a	0.459±0.042 a
	NR	N+P	17.127±0.780 a	66.483±3.437 a	0.162±0.115 a	3.387±0.654 a	7.915±0.594 a	95.074±4.164 a
		N	12.415±1.058 b	68.211±11.015 a	0.389±0.551 a	3.289±1.352 a	7.500±0.733 a	91.804±11.750 a
		CK	12.194±1.201 b	58.389±10.224 a	0.622±0.385 a	3.578±1.548 a	9.797±0.741 a	84.579±11.779 a
	PR	N+P	0.679±0.106 a	1.904±0.020 a	0.009±0.007 a	0.234±0.044 a	0.455±0.038 a	3.281±0.171 a
		N	0.372±0.041 b	2.039±0.160 a	0.018±0.025 a	0.152±0.062 a	0.407±0.041 a	2.988±0.190 a
		CK	0.356±0.020 b	1.810±0.384 a	0.040±0.015 a	0.197±0.087 a	0.546±0.020 a	2.949±0.363 a

Table 4

Fig.3

References 34

[1]	TRESEDER K K, VITOUSEK P M. Effects of soil nutrient availability on investment in acquisition of N and P in Hawaiian rain forests[J]. Ecology, 2001,82(4):946-954. DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0946:EOSNAO]2.0.CO;2.
[2]	ELSER J J, BRACKEN M E, CLELAND E E, et al. Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Ecol Lett, 2007,10(12):1135-1142. DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01113.x. pmid: 17922835
[3]	韩斌, 孔继君, 邹晓明, 等. 生物固氮研究现状及展望[J]. 山西农业科学, 2009,37(10):86-89, 85.
	HAN B, KONG J J, ZOU X M, et al. The evolvement and expectation of biological bitrogen fixation[J]. J Shanxi Agric Sci, 2009,37(10):86-89, 85. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2009.10.023.
[4]	杨晓霞, 任飞, 周华坤, 等. 青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落生物量对氮、磷添加的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014,38(2):159-166.
	YANG X X, REN F, ZHOU H K, et al. Responses of plant community biomass to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014,38(2):159-166. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00014.
[5]	王志勇. 测土配方施肥理论与实践[M]. 郑州: 黄河水利出版社, 2010: 5-10.
	WANG Z Y. Theory and practice of soil testing and formula fertilization[M]. Zhengzhou: The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press, 2010: 5-10.
[6]	向元彬, 黄从德, 胡庭兴, 等. 不同密度巨桉人工林凋落物分解过程中基质质量的变化[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2015,43(4):65-72.
	XIANG Y B, HUANG C D, HU T X, et al. Changes in masses of substrates during litter decomposition in Eucalyptus grandis plantations with different densities[J]. J Northwest A & F Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2015,43(4):65-72. DOI: 10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2015.04.006.
[7]	CHAPIN F S, MATSON P A, MOONEY H A. Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology[M]. New York: Springer, 2002. DOI: 10.1007/b97397.
[8]	ZHOU G Y, GUAN L L, WEI X H, et al. Litterfall production along successional and altitudinal gradients of subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved forests in Guangdong, China[J]. Plant Ecol, 2007,188(1):77-89. DOI: 10.1007/s11258-006-9149-9.
[9]	MILLER H G, COOPER J M, MILLER J D, et al. Nutrient cycles in pine and their adaptation to poor soils[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1979,9(1):19-26. DOI: 10.1139/x79-004.
[10]	ABER J D, NADELHOFFER K J, STEUDLER P, et al. Nitrogen saturation in northern forest ecosystems: excess nitrogen from fossil fuel combustion may stress the biosphere[J]. Bioscience, 1989,39(6):378-386.
[11]	MAGILL A H, ABER J D, BERNTSON G M, et al. Long-term nitrogen additions and nitrogen saturation in two temperate forests[J]. Ecosystems, 2000,3(3):238-253. DOI: 10.1007/s100210000023.
[12]	吕妍, 郑泽梅, 美丽班·马木提, 等. 增施氮磷肥对木荷林凋落物生产量及其养分的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013,24(11):3027-3034.
	LV Y, ZHENG Z M, MLB·MAMUTI , et al. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on litterfall production and nutrient dynamics in a Schima superba forest in Zhejiang Province of east China[J]. Chin J of Appl Ecol, 2013,24(11):3027-3034. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.2013.0524.
[13]	ABER J D, MCDOWELL W, NADELHOFFER K, et al. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems hypotheses revisited[J]. BioScience, 1998,48(11):921-934. DOI: 10.2307/1313296.
[14]	官丽莉, 周国逸, 张德强, 等. 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物量20a动态研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2004,28(4):445-456.
	GUAN L L, ZHOU G Y, ZHANG D Q, et al. Twenty years of litter-fall dynamics in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests at the Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station[J]. Acta Phytoecol Sin, 2004,28(4):445-456. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2004.0062.
[15]	屠梦照, 姚文华, 翁轰, 等. 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物的特征[J]. 土壤学报, 1993,30(1):34-42.
	TU M Z, YAO W H, WENG H, et al. Characteristics of litter in evergreen broadleaved forest of the Dinghu Mountain[J]. Acta Pedol Sin, 1993,30(1):34-42.
[16]	张德强, 叶万辉, 余清发, 等. 鼎湖山演替系列中代表性森林调落物研究[J]. 生态学报, 2000,20(6):938-944.
	ZHANG D Q, YE W H, YU Q F, et al. The litter-fall of representative forests of successional series in Dinghushan[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2000,20(6):938-944. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2000.06.006.
[17]	张磊, 王晓荷, 米湘成, 等. 古田山常绿阔叶林凋落量时间动态及冰雪灾害的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2011,19(2):206-214.
	ZHANG L, WANG X H, MI X C, et al. Temporal dynamics of and effects of an ice storm on litter production in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve[J]. Biodivers Sci, 2011,19(2):206-214. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10237.
[18]	马祥庆, 刘爱琴, 何智英, 等. 杉木幼林生态系统凋落物及其分解作用研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 1997,21(6):564-570.
	MA X Q, LIU A Q, HE Z Y, et al. The litter and its decomposition in young Chinese fir plantation ecosystem[J]. Acta Phytoecol Sin, 1997,21(6):564-570.
[19]	徐国良, 黄忠良, 欧阳学军, 等. 鼎湖山地表无脊椎动物多样性及其与凋落物的关系[J]. 动物学研究, 2002,23(6):477-482.
	XU G L, HUANG Z L, OUYANG X J, et al. Diversity of aboveground invertebrates in Dinghushan and its correlation with litter[J]. Zool Res, 2002,23(6):477-482. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0254-5853.2002.06.006.
[20]	罗永清, 赵学勇, 丁杰萍, 等. 科尔沁沙地不同类型沙地植被恢复过程中地上生物量与凋落物量变化[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016,36(1):78-84.
	LUO Y Q, ZHAO X Y, DING J P, et al. Dynamics of aboveground biomass and litters in different types of dunes under vegetation restoration processes in the Horqin sandy land[J]. J Desert Res, 2016,36(1):78-84. DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00027.
[21]	XU X N, HIRATA E, SHIBATA H. Effect of typhoon disturbance on fine litterfall and related nutrient input in a subtropical forest on Okinawa Island, Japan[J]. Basic Appl Ecol, 2004,5(3):271-282. DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2004.01.001.
[22]	KOZOVITS A R, BUSTAMANTE M M C, GAROFALO C R, et al. Nutrient resorption and patterns of litter production and decomposition in a Neotropical Savanna[J]. Funct Ecol, 2007,21(6):1034-1043. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01325.x.
[23]	EMMETT B A. Nitrogen saturation of terrestrial ecosystems: some recent findings and their implications for our conceptual framework[J]. Water Air Soil Pollut: Focus, 2007,7(1/2/3):99-109. DOI: 10.1007/s11267-006-9103-9.
[24]	王陆军, 张赟齐. 安徽肖坑亚热带常绿阔叶林4优势树种叶养分动态及其利用效率[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2010,38(7):10-12.
	WANG L J, ZHANG Y Q. Foliar nutrient dynamics and nutrient use efficiency of four dominant tree species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Xiaokeng, southern Anhui[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2010,38(7):10-12. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2010.07.004.
[25]	PALMA R M, DEFRIERI R L, TORTAROLO M F, et al. Seasonal changes of bioelements in the litter and their potential return to green leaves in four species of the Argentine subtropical forest[J]. Ann Bot, 2002,85(2):181-186. DOI: 10.1006/anbo.1999.1005.
[26]	ZIMMERMANN S, BRAUN S, CONEDERA M, et al. Macronutrient inputs by litterfall as opposed to atmospheric deposition into two contrasting chestnut forest stands in southern Switzerland[J]. For Ecol Manag, 2002,161(1/2/3):289-302. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00477-7.
[27]	刘文飞, 樊后保, 袁颖红, 等. 氮沉降对杉木人工林凋落物大量元素归还量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2011,25(1):137-141.
	LIU W F, FAN H B, YUAN Y H, et al. Macronutrient fluxes of the litterfall in Chinese fir plantation in response to simulated nitrogen deposition[J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2011,25(1):137-141. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2011.01.050.
[28]	袁颖红, 樊后保, 王强, 等. 模拟氮沉降对杉木人工林土壤有效养分的影响[J]. 浙江林学院学报, 2007,24(4):437-444.
	YUAN Y H, FAN H B, WANG Q, et al. Available nutrients with increased N deposition in soils of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations[J]. J Zhejiang For Coll, 2007,24(4):437-444. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0756.2007.04.011.
[29]	BERG B, MATZNER E. Effect of N deposition on decomposition of plant litter and soil organic matter in forest systems[J]. Environ Rev, 1997,5(1):1-25. DOI: 10.1139/a96-017.
[30]	LOCKABY B G, MURPHY A L, SOMERS G L. Hydroperiod influences on nutrient dynamics in decomposing litter of a floodplain forest[J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1996,60(4):1267-1272. DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000040044x.
[31]	张林, 李茂, 徐俊, 等. 模拟氮沉降对甜槠林分凋落物及主要养分归还量的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2015,46(3):648-655.
	ZHANG L, LI M, XU J, et al. Effects of simulated nitrogen desposition precipitation on litterfall and related nutrient returns in a Castanopsis eyrei forest[J]. Chin J Soil Sci, 2015,46(3):648-655. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2015.03.022.
[32]	张新洁, 陆天宇, 孙海龙, 等. 氮磷添加对水曲柳化学计量特征和养分再吸收的影响[J]. 森林工程, 2019,35(5):16-21.
	ZHANG X J, LU T Y, SUN H L, et al. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on nutrient stoichiometry and resorption of Fraxinus mandshurica[J]. Forest Engineering, 2019,35(5):16-21.DOI: 10.16270/j.cnki.slgc.2019.05.003.
[33]	张驰, 张林, 李鹏, 等. 亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物生产及季节动态对模拟氮沉降增加的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2014,33(5):1205-1210.
	ZHANG C, ZHANG L, LI P, et al. Response of litter production and its seasonality to increased nitrogen deposition in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2014,33(5):1205-1210. DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.20140327.064.
[34]	施瑶, 王忠强, 张心昱, 等. 氮磷添加对内蒙古温带典型草原土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2014,34(17):4943-4949.
	SHI Y, WANG Z Q, ZHANG X Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on soil microbial communitycomposition intemperate typical grassland in Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2014,34(17):4943-4949. DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306081430.

Metrics

Comments

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

处理 treatment	甜槠林 Castanopsis eyrei stand			苦槠林 Castanopsis sclerophylla stand
处理 treatment	密度/ (株·hm^-2) density	胸高断面积/ (m² ·hm^-2) basal area	平均胸径/ cm mean DBH	密度/ (株·hm^-2) density	胸高断面积/ (m² ·hm^-2) basal area	平均胸径/ cm mean DBH
N+P	1 210	36.9±4.8	15.8±0.8	922	22.8±5.6	17.8±0.9
N	1 191	32.6±1.6	14.7±1.3	956	20.6±1.6	16.7±1.2
CK	1 316	33.5±4.7	14.2±1.6	800	17.3±5.5	16.6±1.3

处理 treatment	凋落物组分生产量 productions of litterfall components
处理 treatment	落枝 twigs litter	凋落叶 leaf litter	花果 flowers and fruits	碎屑 miscellaneous	合计 total
N+P	2.051±0.171 a (21.6)	5.119±0.220 a (53.9)	1.505±0.147 a (15.8)	0.827±0.015 a (8.7)	9.502±0.276 a
N	1.865±0.188 ab (22.2)	4.650±0.565 a (55.4)	0.852±0.214 a (10.2)	1.026±0.223 a (12.2)	8.393±0.844 a
CK	1.606±0.080 b (20.8)	4.230±0.706 a (54.8)	0.873±0.122 a (11.3)	1.015±0.227 a (13.1)	7.724±0.924 a

处理 treatment	凋落物组分生产量 productions of litterfall components
处理 treatment	落枝 twigs	凋落叶 leaf litter	花果 flowers and fruits	碎屑 miscellaneous	合计 total
N+P	1.496±0.059 a (21.0)	4.857±0.157 a (68.2)	0.206±0.040 a (2.9)	0.561±0.042 a (7.9)	7.120±0.842 a
N	1.210±0.034 b (17.2)	4.920±0.697 a (69.9)	0.192±0.099 a (2.7)	0.716±0.246 a (10.2)	7.041±0.048 a
CK	1.105±0.172 b (16.5)	4.557±0.568 a (68.0)	0.232±0.060 a (3.5)	0.803±0.262 a (12.0)	6.697±0.693 a

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on litterfall production and nutrient dynamics in evergreen broad-leaved forests

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 7

References 34

Related Articles 9

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

Author

Reader

Reviewer

[1]	DONG Yujie, MAO Lingfeng, ZHANG Min, LU Xudong, WU Xiuping. Relationship between aboveground biomass and environmental factors of subtropical typical evergreen broad-leaved forest in east China [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(1): 74-80.
[2]	SUN Jinwei, WANG Shengyan, FAN Diwu, ZHU Yongli. Effects of C, N and P additions on soil respiration in woodland under Cd stress [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(1): 140-146.
[3]	XU Baokun, XU Xiaogang,LI Yao, LI Xiaodong, CHEN Shuifei,DING Hui, JIANG Xiaohui, GOU Lingchen,FANG Yanming. Interspecific association analysis of Castanopsis eyrei community in evergreen broad-leaved forests in Huangshan, Anhui Province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(04): 77-84.
[4]	ZHOU Hua, MENG Shengwang, LIU Qijing. Allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass of broad-leaved forests saplings and shrubs in subtropical China [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2017, 41(06): 79-86.
[5]	CUI Hongxia, PAN Lei, HUANG Zhilin, ZENG Lixiong, WANG Xiaorong, PANG Hongdong. Characteristics of litter production dynamic and decomposition process of Abies fargesii forest in Shennongjia, Hubei Province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2017, 41(01): 194-198.
[6]	LI Jing, WANG Linghong, CHENG Dongliang,XU Chaobin¹,ZHANG Zhongrui, WU Yonghong,ZHONG Quanlin. Above and below ground biomass allocation on herb layer of natural evergreen broad-leaved forest and Chinese fir plantation with different age classes [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2016, 40(05): 170-176.
[7]	ZHAO Yuhong, FAN Shaohui, XIA Chen. A study on reserves and water holding function of litter in four types of evergreen broadleaved forest in subtropical zone of China [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2015, 39(06): 93-98.
[8]	WANG Dongguang,YIN Guangtian,YANG Jinchang,LI Rongsheng,ZOU Wentao,JIA Ruifeng. Effects of phosphorus fertilization on growth and foliar nutrient(N,P,K) of Phoebe bournei seedlings [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2014, 38(03): 40-44.
[9]	LI Shu-lan~1,CHEN Yong-liang~(1,2). Decomposition and Nutrient Return of the Leaf Litter under the Pure and Mixed Plantations of Juglans mandshrica and Larix gmelinii [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2004, 28(05): 59-62.